Antibacterial effectiveness test and characterization of ethanol extract of bandotan herba against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Abstract

Background: The bandotan plant has been officially recognized by the world health organization (WHO) as a traditional medicinal medicine. The Chinese government has officially recognized the bandotan plant as having health-promoting and longevity-enhancing properties. The content of several secondary metabolites of this bandotan plant, such as alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, glycosides, and saponins, makes this plant have significant potential as an alternative to traditional therapy. This research aims to evaluate the bactericidal efficacy of the ethanol extract derived from the bandotan herb against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria. Methods: The test was conducted using agar diffusion and streaking methods, with the test sample concentration being taken into account. The test results demonstrated that the ethanol extract of herba bandotan, at a dosage of 300 mg/mL, possesses inhibitory effects on the development of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria. Results: The concentration required to kill Staphylococcus aureus bacteria by 50 mg/mL is achieved with a percent reduction of 98.27%. Similarly, a concentration of 75 mg/mL is needed to kill Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria with a percent reduction of 96.36%. Lastly, a concentration of 100 mg/mL can effectively eliminate Staphylococcus aureus bacteria with a percent reduction of 99.24%. Conclusions: The study's findings indicate that the ethanol extract derived from the bandotan plant had bactericidal and bacteriostatic properties against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria.