Abstract
Objective: Endodontic infections are treated with a root canal; one of the stages involves using an irrigation solution to eliminate microorganisms.Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is an irrigation solution used to eliminate Fusobacterium nucleatum, the common cause of primary endodonticinfections. However, this material is synthetic and can cause side effects and inflammation of the periapical tissues. Thus, an irrigation solution, suchas xanthorrhizol, which is made of natural ingredients, is required. However, xanthorrhizol’s antibacterial effect against F. nucleatum has never beenassessed. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the effect of xanthorrhizol, derived from Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb., against F. nucleatum ATCC 25586biofilm.Methods: The methylthiazol tetrazolium (MTT) assay test and colony count test were performed to assess F. nucleatum eradication after exposure toxanthorrhizol at various concentrations (0.5%, 0.75%, 1%, 1.25%, and 1.5%) and 2.5% NaOCl, which was used as positive control.Results: Significant differences were observed in terms of cell viability after treatment with xanthorrhizol at concentrations of 1.25% versus 0.5%,0.75%, and 1%. The MTT assay test was used to evaluate cell viability in the biofilm and cell metabolism activities. Results showed no significantdifferences in terms of efficacy between xanthorrhizol at concentrations of 1.25% and 1.5%, which are considered effective against F. nucleatum, and2.5% NaOCl (p>0.05).Conclusion: The effect of xanthorrhizol at concentrations of 1.25% and 1.5% against F. nucleatum is similar to that of 2.5% NaOCl.
Highlights
Microorganisms in the root canal cause endodontic infections [1]
Results showed no significant differences in terms of efficacy between xanthorrhizol at concentrations of 1.25% and 1.5%, which are considered effective against F. nucleatum, and 2.5% NaOCl (p>0.05)
The independent variable was the antibacterial effect of xanthorrhizol at various concentrations (0.5%, 0.75%, 1%, 1.25%, and 1.5%) and 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl)
Summary
Microorganisms in the root canal cause endodontic infections [1]. In general, various types of anaerobic bacteria dominate these infections. Siqueira and Rocas (2011) have used reverse-capture checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization, and the proportion of F. nucleatum bacteria was the highest in symptomatic primary endodontic infections (acute apical abscess; >106 CFU). Pereira et al (2017) conducted a study using real-time polymerase chain reaction on the teeth with periapical lesions caused by endodontic failure. Their results showed that, in the area around the tip of the root and periapical tissue with chronic lesion, the percentage (71.3%) of F. nucleatum was the highest, followed by Dialister pneumosintes (58.3%) and Tannerella forsythia (48.3%) [4]
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