Abstract

BackgroundAntibiotics have been widely used for the treatment of bacterial infections for decades. However, the rapid emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has created many problems with a heavy burden for the medical community. Therefore, the use of nanoparticles as an alternative for antibacterial activity has been explored. In this context, metal nanoparticles have demonstrated broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. This study investigated the antimicrobial activity of naked cerium oxide nanoparticles dispersed in aqueous solution (CNPs) and surface-stabilized using Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a bacterial model.MethodsGelatin-polycaprolactone nanofibers containing CNPs (Scaffold@CNPs) were synthesized, and their effect on P. aeruginosa was investigated. The minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations of the nanoparticls were determined in an ATCC reference strain and a clinical isolate strain. To determine whether the exposure to the nanocomposites might change the expression of antibiotic resistance, the expression of the genes shv, kpc, and imp was also investigated. Moreover, the cytotoxicity of the CNPs was assessed on fibroblast using flow cytometry.ResultsMinimum bactericidal concentrations for the ATCC and the clinical isolate of 50 µg/mL and 200 µg/mL were measured, respectively, when the CNPs were used. In the case of the Scaffold@CNPs, the bactericidal effect was 50 µg/mL and 100 µg/mL for the ATCC and clinical isolate, respectively. Interestingly, the exposure to the Scaffold@CNPs significantly decreased the expression of the genes shv, kpc, and imp.ConclusionsA concentration of CNPs and scaffold@CNPs higher than 50 μg/mL can be used to inhibit the growth of P. aeruginosa. The fact that the scaffold@CNPs significantly reduced the expression of resistance genes, it has the potential to be used for medical applications such as wound dressings.

Highlights

  • Antibiotics have been widely used for the treatment of bacterial infections for decades

  • Results showed that cerium oxide nanoparticles dispersed in aqueous solution (CNPs) in solution at concentrations ranging between to 200 μg/mL had an inhibitory effect on the ATCC and the clinical isolate of P. aeruginosa

  • Our study aligned with the fact that clinical isolates are more resistant to antibiotics than the ATCC strains

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Summary

Introduction

Antibiotics have been widely used for the treatment of bacterial infections for decades. The rapid emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has created many problems with a heavy burden for the medical community. The use of nanoparticles as an alternative for antibacterial activity has been explored In this context, metal nanoparticles have demonstrated broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. The rapid emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has created many problems and burdens for the medical community [3, 4]. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most common causes of hospital-acquired infections with severe or fatal outcomes, especially in immunocompromised hosts. This opportunistic bacterium infects soft tissues and injured skin, including burn wounds [7, 8]. Extensive use of antibiotics in recent years has made this bacterium resistant to broad-spectrum antibiotics [11, 12]

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