Abstract
Background and Aim:Horse wounds can be easily infected with bacteria depending on the nature of its cause such as laceration, abrasion, or puncture as well as the nature of its environment. Various treatments are available in managing open wounds, including the usage of topical antibiotics and antiseptics. However, antibiotic resistance has been a major concern attributed with chronic wound infection. The aim of this study was to test the efficacy of ionized water at different pH against the growth of common bacteria from horse wounds.Materials and Methods:Ten swab samples from equine infected wounds were collected and bacteria isolation and identification were performed. The antibacterial effect of the ionized water of pH 2.5, 4.5, 7.0, and 11.5 was tested on Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Staphylococcus intermedius, Escherichia coli, Pantoea agglomerans, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The time-kill profiles of the ionized waters were determined at time 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 h.Results:Ionized water of pH 2.5 and 4.5 showed antibacterial activity against S. aureus, S. pseudintermedius, and S. intermedius with significant (p>0.05) reduction in colony-forming unit/mL within 2-8 h. The degree of bactericidal effect of the acidic ionized water differs between the species with S. intermedius more susceptible. However, there was no antibacterial effect at pH 2.5, 4.5, 7.0, and 11.5 on the Gram-negative bacteria tested.Conclusion:Ionized water of pH 2.5 and 4.5 is effective in minimizing the growth of Gram-positive bacteria; thus it could be of clinical importance as an antiseptic for surface wound lavage in horses.
Highlights
Wounds mostly occur due to trauma resulting in the breakage of integrity of dermal layer, causing it to be exposed to external environment
Ionized water of pH 2.5 and 4.5 is effective in minimizing the growth of Gram-positive bacteria; it could be of clinical importance as an antiseptic for surface wound lavage in horses
Studies have shown that electrolyzed water possesses an effective antibacterial activity against common surface bacterial isolate like S. aureus [11,12], this is the first report on the effects of ionized water on bacterial isolates of equine wounds
Summary
Wounds mostly occur due to trauma resulting in the breakage of integrity of dermal layer, causing it to be exposed to external environment. Due to the risk of infection, the main purpose of wound management is to reduce presence of bacteria on the healing tissue. The existence of antimicrobial resistance, multidrug resistance bacteria, has made the use of antibiotics for wound management challenging [3]. Horse wounds can be infected with bacteria depending on the nature of its cause such as laceration, abrasion, or puncture as well as the nature of its environment. Various treatments are available in managing open wounds, including the usage of topical antibiotics and antiseptics. Antibiotic resistance has been a major concern attributed with chronic wound infection. The aim of this study was to test the efficacy of ionized water at different pH against the growth of common bacteria from horse wounds
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