Abstract
Aims: To assess the association between the frequency and quantity of coffee and tea consumption and dental caries severity among adolescents (middle and high schools) in the Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia.
 Study Design: This is an observational cross-sectional study.
 Place and Duration of Study: Conducted in the Eastern Province (Dammam and Al-Khobar), Saudi Arabia, from January to February 2019.
 Methodology: A cross-sectional observational survey study that was carried out in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia. Validated interview-based questionnaires were used to ask about the background information and the frequency and quantity of coffee and tea consumption with two sections of the survey: The first section was about the demographic data and the second section assessed the frequency and quantity of coffee and tea consumption and examination was done during daylight using disposable dental mirror and blunt probe.
 Results: A total of 2265 middle school children with a response rate of 77.8%. Out of them, Females accounted for 1288 (56%) and the mean age (±SD) was 14 (±1.322). Regarding parents’ education, 1916 (84.6%) of participants’ fathers and 1836 (81.1%) of their mothers had a high school certificate or higher. There was a significant association between the frequency of coffee and tea consumption and caries (p=0.013).
 Conclusion: There was a significant association between the frequency of coffee and tea consumption and caries (p=0.013). The frequency of coffee and tea consumption, the higher the caries. However, there was no association between the quantity of coffee and tea consumption and D nor with the overall DMF score.
Highlights
Caries is a multifactorial disease of the teeth that leads calcified tissue to dissolve and be destroyed locally [1]
Validated interview-based questionnaires were used to ask about the background information and the frequency and quantity of coffee and tea consumption with two sections of the survey: The first section was about the demographic data and the second section assessed the frequency and quantity of coffee and tea consumption and examination was done during daylight using disposable dental mirror and blunt probe
There was a significant association between the frequency of coffee and tea consumption and caries (p=0.013)
Summary
Caries is a multifactorial disease of the teeth that leads calcified tissue to dissolve and be destroyed locally [1]. The three prerequisites for the formation of a carious lesion are teeth, plaque, and substrate (diet). Coffee and tea are recognized to have a variety of biological characteristics, like as Their involvement in the development of chronic illnesses such as cancer and cardiovascular disease is protective [4]. The two hemolytic streptococci, streptococcus mutants and s. Cocoa, and coffee extracts reduced glucosyltransferase activity and glycan formation, while aqueous extracts of several African plants have been demonstrated to blocks attachment. Mutants to hydroxyapatite or glass beads [6]. Summer extracts of oolong tea leaves had the highest activity, followed by extracts made in the spring, winter. The findings show that the antibacterial activity of teas is connected to flavonoid levels, which are regulated by fermentation degree and harvesting season. [7]
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