Abstract
Chitosan is a natural polymer that can sustain not only osteoblast adhesion and proliferation for bone regeneration purposes, but it is also claimed to exhibit antibacterial properties towards several Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In this study, chitosan was modified with sodium hyaluronate, crosslinked with polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (PEGDE) and both osteoblast cytotoxicity and antibacterial behavior studied. The presence of sodium hyaluronate and PEGDE on chitosan was detected by FTIR, XRD, and XPS. Chitosan (CHT) films with sodium hyaluronate crosslinked with PEGDE showed a better thermal stability than pristine hyaluronate. In addition, osteoblast cytocompatibility improved in films containing sodium hyaluronate. However, none of the films exhibit antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, and Staphylococcus aureus while exhibiting low to mild activity against Salmonella typhimurion.
Highlights
Introduction published maps and institutional affilChitosan (CHT), the main derivative of chitin, is a natural linear polycation that exhibits biocompatibility [1], anti-inflammatory [2], antimicrobial [3,4], hypocholesterolemic [5], immunostimulant [6], antitumor activity [7], antioxidant, and anticancer properties [8].in order to improve some of their properties it tends to be modified by using the free amino groups on the D-glucosamine repeating unit
Bacterial suspensions were prepared by diluting bacterial strains with Mueller–Hinton broth (MHB) prepared in Petri dishes using 100 μL of the suspension of each bacterium separately at a concentration adjusted with saline solution of 105 CFU/mL, and the microorganisms were spread in the medium using a glass loop
Fourier-Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra of films of pristine chitosan (CHT), pristine sodium hyaluronate (HNa), and mixtures of CHT/HNa, CHT/HNa-polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (PEGDE) are shown in Figure 1a (15%HNa) and Figure 1b (30%HNa)
Summary
84.1%, polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (Mn 500), and glutaraldehyde (GA) solution. Grade II, 25% in H2 O were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Oral Grade LMW was obtained from Bioibérica (Barcelona, Spain) whereas acetic acid was provided by J.T. Baker (Xalostoc, Mexico). Cell Proliferation kit was supplied by Promega (Madison, WI, USA). Human osteoblast hFOB1.19 from ATCC® CRL-11372TM (Manassas, VA, USA) were cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) provided by Biowest (Riverside, MO, USA). Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 51299, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, and Salmonella typhimurion ATCC 14028 were used
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