Anti-bacterial, anti-fungal and anti-oxidative properties of different extracts of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza L. (Mangrove)

Abstract

IntroductionBruguiera gymnorrhiza L. a Rhizophoraceae is an intertidal marine plant found in mangroves. Previous studies suggest this plant may have antibacterial, antifungal and anti-oxidant activities. This study aimed to explore the potential of the leaf, root and bark extracts of this plant. MethodsThe successive methanol and combination solvent (Chloroform: Methanol: Ethanol in 60:20:20) extraction of the plant materials were assayed against ten pathogenic bacteria and four fungal strains. The total phenolic content, antimicrobial and antioxidant assay were estimated by using well diffusion, DPPH (diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl) assay and FRAP (Ferric-reducing Power) assay ResultsDried root extract of B. gymnorrhiza obtained by a combination of solvents demonstrated maximum effectiveness on tested microorganisms with an optimal zone of inhibition (ZOI) value of 22.31 ± 0.36 mm followed by bark extract with ZOI 21.63 ± 0.49 against Penicillium chrysogenum. Different combinations of solvent extracts of bark exhibited optimal minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) (7.26 μg/mL) against Micrococcus sp.followed by MIC (7.62 μg/mL) against Streptococcus mitis. Methanolic root extracts contained a maximal quantity of phenolics of 25.36 μg Gallic Acid Equivalents and 69.64% of DPPH activity. A combination extract of root obtained a maximum 96.07% of ferric-reducing antioxidant power. ConclusionsCrude extracts of B. gymnorrhiza possess noteworthy toxicity against bacterial pathogens and Candida albicans (a fungal pathogen). Combination solvent extracts showed more promising results with pharmaceutical activities for developing natural compound based drugs.