Antibacterial, antidiabetic, acute toxicity, antioxidant, and nephroproductive competence of extracts of Lannea coromandelica fruit through in-vitro and in-vivo animal model investigation

Abstract

The anti-dermatophytic (Proteus vulgaris, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pyogenes) and nephroprotective activities of methanol and aqueous extracts obtained from Lannea coromandelica fruit were investigated through in-vitro (agar well diffusion method) and in-vivo (animal model) study. The methanol extract showed considerable antibacterial activity against selective bacterial pathogens at increased concentration (15.0 mg mL−1) in the following order P. vulgaris (35.2 ± 1.6 mm) > E. aerogenes (32.1 ± 2.1 mm) > K. pneumoniae (29.3±2 mm) > P. acnes (28.2 ± 2.4 mm) > S. aureus (25.5 ± 2.4 mm) > S. pyogenes (24.3 ± 2.1 mm) than aqueous extract. The MIC values of this methanol and aqueous extract was found as 2.5–7.5 mg mL−1 and 5.0 to 1.0 mg mL−1 respectively. Different treatment sets (A-E) on a rat-based animal model study revealed that the methanol extract has excellent antioxidant and nephroprotective activity, as well as favorable effects on essential biochemical substances involved in active metabolic activities. As demonstrated by histopathological and microscopic examination, the biologically active chemical present in methanol extract had a positive effect on serum markers, enzyme, and non-enzyme-based antioxidant activities, as well as lowering the toxicity caused by EG in the rat (as nephroprotective activity) renal cells.