Abstract
BackgroundRecords have shown that Combretum adenogonium Steud. Ex A. Rich (Combretaceae) is used in traditional medicine systems of several tribes in Tanzania. This study focused on the investigation of antibacterial activity, anti-HIV-1 protease activity, toxicity properties and classes of phytochemicals in extracts from C. adenogonium Steud. Ex A. Rich (Combretaceae) to evaluate potential of these extracts for development as herbal remedies.MethodsDried plant material were ground to fine powder and extracted using 80% aqueous ethanol to afford root, leaf and stem bark extracts. The extracts were assayed for anti-HIV-1 protease activities, antibacterial activities using microdilution methods and cytotoxicity using brine shrimps lethality assay. Screening for major phytochemical classes was carried out using standard chemical tests.ResultsAll extracts exhibited antibacterial activity to at least one of the test bacteria with MIC-values ranging from 0.31-5.0 mg/ml. Two extracts, namely, root and stem bark exhibited anti-HIV-1 PR activity with IC50 values of 24.7 and 26.5 μg/ml, respectively. Stem bark and leaf extracts showed mild toxicity with LC50 values of 65.768 μg/ml and 76.965 μg/ml, respectively, whereas roots were relatively non-toxic (LC50 = 110.042 μg/ml). Phytochemical screening of the extracts indicated presence of flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, tannins, glycosides and saponins.ConclusionThese results provide promising baseline information for the potential development of C. adenogonium extracts in treatment of bacterial and HIV/AIDS-related opportunistic infections.
Highlights
Records have shown that Combretum adenogonium Steud
The current study investigated antibacterial, anti HIV1 protease and cytotoxic activities of extracts of C. adenogonium as part of our continued efforts to explore biological activities of plants of the Combretaceae for possible development of phytodrug to be used in managing HIV and AIDS-related opportunistic infections
Iodonitrotetrazolium chloride was bought from SIGMAW (Sigma- AldrichW, St Louis, USA). 96 well microtitre plates supplied by KAS medics (Tanzania)
Summary
Records have shown that Combretum adenogonium Steud. This study focused on the investigation of antibacterial activity, anti-HIV-1 protease activity, toxicity properties and classes of phytochemicals in extracts from C. adenogonium Steud. Phytomedicines have shown great promise in the treatment of infectious diseases including AIDS-related opportunistic infections [1]. Records indicate that the majority of traditional healers in Eastern, Southern and Western Africa use Combretaceae species for treatment of conditions like abdominal disorders, backache, bilharzia, cancer, coughs, colds, conjunctivitis, diarrhea, dysentery, dysmenorrhoea, fever, gastric ulcers, general weakness, venereal diseases, headaches, heart diseases, hypertension, jaundice, leprosy, nosebleeds, oedema, pneumonia, skin diseases, sore throats, dental caries, diabetes, enteralgia, eye diseases, general fatigue, hiccups, loss of appetite, malaria, menorrhagia, tuberculosis, tumours, HIV/AIDS infections, wasting and yellow fever [2,3,4,5].
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