Abstract
Of all biologic matrices, decellularized tissues have emerged as a promising tool in the field of regenerative medicine. Few empirical clinical studies have shown that Wharton’s jelly (WJ) of the human umbilical cord promotes wound closure and reduces wound-related infections. In this scope, we herein investigated whether decellularized (DC)-WJ could be used as an engineered biomaterial. In comparison with devitalized (DV)-WJ, our results showed an inherent effect of DC-WJ on Gram positive (S. aureus and S. epidermidis) and Gram negative (E. coli and P. aeruginosa) growth and adhesion. Although DC-WJ activated the neutrophils and monocytes in a comparable magnitude to DV-WJ, macrophages modulated their phenotypes and polarization states from the resting M0 phenotype to the hybrid M1/M2 phenotype in the presence of DC-WJ. M1 phenotype was predominant in the presence of DV-WJ. Finally, the subcutaneous implantation of DC-WJ showed total resorption after three weeks of implantation without any sign of foreign body reaction. These significant data shed light on the potential regenerative application of DC-WJ in providing a suitable biomaterial for tissue regenerative medicine and an ideal strategy to prevent wound-associated infections.
Highlights
Widely used in clinic, the decellularization of the perinatal tissues seems an attractive option from a commercialization and regulatory approval standpoint, for the development of bioactive scaffolds
In comparison with the bacteria behavior in standard culture conditions, the results presented in Figure 3 showed a clear inherent effect of DV-Wharton’s jelly (WJ) on the growth of S. aureus and S. epidermidis Gram positive strains, while no effect was noticed against E. coli and P. aeruginosa Gram negative strains
Our results suggest that neither DCWJ nor devitalized WJ (DV-WJ) and LPS co-stimuli showed a switch in monocyte response in comparison with decellularized Wharton’s Jelly (DC-WJ) and DV-WJ stimuli
Summary
Tissue damages are currently one of the biggest health issues in the world. Arising from disease or trauma, a complete treatment requires the reparation of the injured site. Autografts are often considered as the “gold standard”, inherent limitations including donor site morbidity, low availability, and elevated failure rates highlight the need for alternative strategies. Conventional practices use allografts but the deficit between donors and patients requiring the graft has grown in recent years, attracting huge interest in the regenerative medicine field
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