Abstract
Surface modification of biomedical implants is an established strategy to improve tissue regeneration, osseointegration and also to minimize the bacterial accumulation. In the present study, electrospun poly(ε-caprolactone)/titania (PCL/TiO2) nanocomposite coatings were developed on commercially pure titanium (cpTi) substrates for an improved biological and antibacterial properties for bone tissue engineering. TiO2 nanoparticles in various amounts (2, 5, and 7 wt %) were incorporated into a biodegradable PCL matrix to form a homogeneous solution. Further, PCL/TiO2 coatings on cpTi were obtained by electrospinning of PCL/TiO2 solution onto the substrate. The resulted coatings were structurally characterized and inspected by employing scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Given the potential biological applications of PCL/TiO2 coated cpTi substrates, the apatite-forming capacity was examined by immersing in simulated body fluid (SBF) for upto 21 days. Biocompatibility has been evaluated through adhesion/proliferation of hFOB osteoblast cell lines and cytotoxicity by MTT assay. Antimicrobial activity of PCL/TiO2 nanocomposites has been tested using UV light against gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus). The resulting surface displays good bioactive properties against osteoblast cell lines with increased viability of 40% at day 3 and superior antibacterial property against S.aureus with a significant reduction of bacteria to almost 76%. Surface modification by PCL/TiO2 nanocomposites makes a viable approach for improving dual properties, i.e., biological and antibacterial properties on titanium implants which might be used to prevent implant-associated infections and promoting cell attachment of orthopedic devices at the same time.
Highlights
Biocompatible titanium (Ti) and its alloys are broadly accepted metallic materials for hard tissue repair for its exceptional combination of biomedical and mechanical properties [1]
The current study aims to incorporate TiO2 nanoparticles into the PCL scaffolds for improving mechanical properties, biological properties and physiochemical properties for orthopedic applications
scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of unmodified commercially pure titanium (cpTi) without any surface coating (Figure 1a) and PCL/TiO2 nanocomposites with and without TiO2 particulate additions were presented in Figure 1b–e respectively
Summary
Biocompatible titanium (Ti) and its alloys are broadly accepted metallic materials for hard tissue repair (orthopedic and dental) for its exceptional combination of biomedical and mechanical properties [1]. Electrospun nanofibers are favorably proficient of imitating microarchitecture of native ECMs owing to their high surface area to volume ratio and relatively large internal porosity This technique enables to entrap inorganic ceramic nanoparticles into the organic polymer in a very convenient way to enhance physical, chemical and mechanical properties. Polycaprolactone (PCL), a semi-crystalline biodegradable polymer, known for its superior mechanical properties, excellent biocompatibility, and slower degradation rate It is a widely accepted polymer for drug release carriers, biodegradable packaging materials, and more importantly for the development of 3D scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications. The current study aims to incorporate TiO2 nanoparticles into the PCL scaffolds for improving mechanical properties, biological properties (bioactivity, anti-bacterial, cell adhesion, and cell proliferation) and physiochemical properties (hydrophilicity) for orthopedic applications. PCL/TiO2-nanocomposite scaffolds were synthesized by electrospinning and coated on cpTi substrates
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