Antibacterial and antiviral potential of colloidal Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles suitable for biological applications

Abstract

Present study explains the detailed synthesis, structural characterization, antibacterial and antiviral studies on Titanium dioxide nano-colloids (TiO2-NCs). Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nano-colloids were synthesized by a simple sonochemical method. The structural studies were carried out by x-ray Diffraction (XRD), and the size of particle was found to be 8 nm with tetragonal structure. Surface morphological results by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), showed spherical nature of (TiO2) nano-colloids with almost uniform morphology. Energy Dispersive x-ray Diffraction (EDX) confirmed the chemical composition and presence of (TiO2) nanoparticles in sample. Dynamic light scattering was used to confirm the colloidal stability and hydrodynamic size of nano-colloids. Antibacterial assays were performed against several gram positive and negative pathogenic bacteria. TiO2-NCs showed maximum bacterial inhibition (67.3 ± 2.5%) at 150 μg ml− dose against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against all tested pathogenic strains ranged from 2.24–21.21 μg ml−, indicating efficient therapeutic potential of (TiO2) nano-colloids. Antiviral activity of (TiO2) nano-colloids was also performed against Newcastle virus (NDV) which showed antiviral activity at a minimum dose of 6.25 ug ml−1. Possible mechanism of action include damage to the lipids found in viral envelop. The obtained results suggest potential application of TiO2-NCs in poultry to treat NDV infections after detailed mechanism studies.