Antibacterial and antioxidant activities, lethality assay and chemical profile in crude extract of Biancaea sappan (L.) Tod. for anti-Vibrio agent

Abstract

Background and objectivesThe bacterial infections are still an important cause of death for organisms leading to interesting finding the new antibacterial agent from natural source. The antimicrobial activity of Biancaea sappan extract (BSE) has been reported with a few mentions of anti-Vibrio efficiency. In this study, the heartwood extract from B. sappan was investigated for antibacterial activity, stability, toxicity, and anti-Vibrio in seawater. MethodsThe BSE was tested for antimicrobial activity to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration (MIC&MBC). The crude extract was evaluated an antioxidant activity through 2,2–diphenyl–1–picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging capacity and content of total phenolics according to Folin–Ciocalteu colorimetric method. Next, the BSE was determined thermal, diluent stabilities and Artemia salina toxicity before the time–kill study for anti-Vibrio in seawater. The major components in extract were analyzed using LC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. ResultsBSE was yielded at 9.56 %. The lowest MIC and MBC were 0.49 mg/mL for V. parahaemolyticus TISTR1596. The TPC in BSE was 31.46 GAE/g, and antioxidant activity with a 50 % inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 0.288 mg/mL. TPC in BSE was stable at high temperatures, and distilled water (>90 %).It was non-acute lethality toward A. salina for 24 h (LC50 = 7.374 mg/mL). At 3MIC and 4MIC of BSE were effective for killing V. parahaemolyticus within 2 h. ConclusionsThe BSE showed an effective inhibitory against V. parahaemolyticus with the lowest MIC and MBC. The TPC was stable with non-acute toxic effects on A. salina. It showed high potential anti-Vibrio activity in seawater that may be shown the usefulness in controlling Vibrio infection.