Antibacterial and antifungal potential of wild basidiomycete mushroom Ganoderma applanatum

Anita Klaus,Miomir Niksic,Maja Kozarski,Jovana Vunduk,Predrag Petrovic

doi:10.5937/leksir1636037k

Abstract

Hot water extract (AN), partially purified polysaccharides (AP) and hot alkali extract (ANa) obtained from wild mushroom G. applanatum were examined for their antibacterial and antifungal activity. Five Gram negative (Proteus hauseri, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella Enteritidis, Shigella sonnei, Yersinia enterocolitica), five Gram positive (Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Geobacillus stearothermophyllus, Enterococcus faecalis) bacterial strains, as well as two fungal strains (Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans), all belonging to the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), were tested by broth microdilution assay. In general, Gram-positive bacteria were more sensitive in the presence of tested extracts than Gram-negative bacterial species. Almost all tested extracts demonstrated a high microbistatic potential, and in most cases the microbicidal effect also has been reached. The best antibacterial effect of hot water alkali extract, ANa, was observed in the case of E. faecalis (MIC 0.039 mg/mL, MBC 1.25 mg/mL), while the same extract was the most effective antifungal agent towards C. neoformans (MIC 0.078 mg/mL, MFC 2.5 mg/mL). This research indicates possibility to use selected extracts, obtained from the mushroom G. applanatum, in order to prevent the development of some pathogenic microorganisms and food spoilage.

Highlights

Ganoderma applanatum (Pers.) Pat., known as artist's conk, artist's bracket or bear bread, is a very common, perennial, woody shelf fungus, widely distributed throughout the world, mostly being found in temperate and tropical zones
Five Gram negative (Proteus hauseri, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella Enteritidis, Shigella sonnei, Yersinia enterocolitica), five Gram positive (Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Geobacillus stearothermophyllus, Enterococcus faecalis) bacterial strains, as well as two fungal strains (Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans), all belonging to the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), were tested by broth microdilution assay
This research indicates possibility to use selected extracts, obtained from the mushroom G. applanatum, in order to prevent the development of some pathogenic microorganisms and food spoilage

Summary

Introduction

Ganoderma applanatum (Pers.) Pat., known as artist's conk, artist's bracket or bear bread, is a very common, perennial, woody shelf fungus, widely distributed throughout the world, mostly being found in temperate and tropical zones It usually appears individually or in clusters, on the sides of hardwood trees, which is their specific niche. A variety of bioactive compounds, such as polysaccharides, polyphenols, triterpenoids, amino acids, polypeptides are present in fruiting bodies and mycelium of G. applanatum. These active ingredients contribute to the biological activities, such as antitumor and immunomodulating [1, 2] or antiviral properties [3]. A possible effectiveness of this mushroom as an antiobesity agent because of the ability to inhibit the differentiation of preadipocytes into mature adipocytes, by reducing triglyceride accumulation, is proven [7]

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