Abstract
Objective: The present study aimed to study Quercus infectoria gall extract for phytochemical analysis, antibacterial, and antibiofilm activity against Rothia dentocariosa isolated from dental caries.
 Methods: R. dentocariosa was isolated, characterized, and identified by 16S rRNA sequence and also checked for biofilm formation ability. Phytochemical analysis of Q. infectoria aqueous gall extracts was carried out. Antibacterial and antibiofilm activity was performed using agar well diffusion method and microtiter plate assay, respectively.
 Results: Bacterial isolate from dental caries was identified as R. dentocariosa by 16s rRNA sequencing technique with accession number MH824681 obtained from NCBI. Phytochemical analysis of Q. infectoria aqueous gall extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, phenol, tannin, glycosides, phenolic compound, and flavonoids. Significant antibacterial activity was observed with 19.00 (±7.07) mm diameter zone of inhibition. The biofilm inhibition assay was performed by microtiter plate method indicated 92.89% inhibition of bacteria at the concentration of 100 mg/mL of aqueous extract.
 Conclusion: The results indicated the efficacy of Q. infectoria gall extracts that could be explored as an alternative to current treatment.
Highlights
Dental caries and periodontal diseases are biofilm mediated and have a major public health concern globally
Characterization of isolated bacteria Bacterial isolate from dental caries was identified by 16s rRNA sequencing technique and was found homology to R. dentocariosa
Phytochemical analysis Phytochemical analysis of Q. infectoria gall aqueous extracts indicated the presence of secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, phenolic compound, tannin, glycosides, and flavonoids (Table 1)
Summary
Dental caries and periodontal diseases are biofilm mediated and have a major public health concern globally. Imbalance of bacteria can cause dental biofilm. A biofilm is a microbial community attached to a solid surface and surrounded by the extracellular polysaccharides and proteins [1]. Formation of biofilm is due to the production of organic acid by bacterial fermentation, resulting in tooth decay or caries. Rothia dentocariosa is Gram-positive bacteria acts as an opportunistic pathogen present in the oral cavity. Are involved in the formation of biofilm [2]. It can cause other serious infections such as infective endocarditis, fistula infection, pilonidal abscess, pneumonia, and endophthalmitis [3]
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