Abstract
Daemonorops draco has been reported for its antibacterial activity and empirically used for wound healing by Anak Dalam ethnic at Jambi Province, Sumatera-Indonesia. This study was performed to evaluate antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of D. draco resin collected from Jambi. D. draco resin was extracted using n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol, respectively. Antibacterial activity of the extracts was evaluated using agar diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus and Eschericia coli, whereas the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bacteriacidal concentration (MBC) was determined by microdilution method. In addition, antibiofilm activity was evaluated by violet crystal method. The result showed that extraction yield of ethyl acetate was higher than methanol and n-hexane. Ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of D. draco exhibited stronger antimicrobial activity against S. aureus compare to n-hexane extract. MIC and MBC of methanol extract and chromatographic fraction (F5.1) of ethyl acetate extract were 0.5 and 1.0 mg/mL, respectively. In addition, antibiofilm assay revealed that all extracts were inhibit initial attachment of bacteria cell in biofilm formation. This result revealed a novel information that D. draco extracts was potential as inhibitor of biofilm formation. TLC bioautography of D. draco extracts indicated that constituent with Rf of 0.71 performed antimicrobial activity against S. aureus. This finding expected to strengthen the scientific backup for utilization of D. draco by society.
Highlights
Antibiotic overuse lead to the emergence of resistance microbes which is considered as the major health problem in the world (Millar et al, 2008)
Dracorhodin, dracorubin, and nordracorubin were isolated from chloroform-methanol extract [9], dracoflavan B1, B2, C1, C2, D1 and D2 were isolated from ethyl acetate extract (Arnone et al, 1997), daemonorol group (A-F) were isolated from acetone extract (Nakashima et al, 2009) and dimethoxyflavan group were isolated from chloroform extract (Hao et al, 2015)
thin layer chromatography (TLC) bioautography of D. draco extracts indicated that constituent with retardation factor (Rf) of 0.71 performed antimicrobial activity against S. aureus
Summary
Antibiotic overuse lead to the emergence of resistance microbes which is considered as the major health problem in the world (Millar et al, 2008). A new antibacterial compound was required to treat the resistance microbes. Many health problems happened due to the formation of biofilms. Some bacterias formed a complex matrix of microorganisms (biofilm) which is bind and attached to either biotic or abiotic surface (O’Toole et al, 2000). Bacteria in biofilms are more resistance to antibiotics and other chemical agents than the bacteria in suspension (Stewart, 2002). It is considerably necessary to find a new antibiofilm compounds
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