Antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of Thymus leptobotrys and Lavandula mairei essential oils against extended spectrum β-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae

Abstract

The aim of the study was to investigate the antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of Lavandula mairei and Thymus leptobotrys essential oils against Extended spectrum β-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae, responsible of nosocomial infections. PCR and sequencing methods detected three different resistance genes (blaSHV-42, blaSHV-12 et blaCTXM-15) in the studied strains. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis highlighted the predominance of carvacrol in both Lavandula mairei and Thymus leptobotrys essential oils. Their antibacterial activity was conducted by disk diffusion and microdilution methods. Great sensitivity of the multidrug resistant strains was noted for the two essential oils with inhibition zones’ diameters ranging from 13.3±2.3 to 32.3±1.4 mm (Thymus leptobotrys) and from 22 to 34.66±0.57 mm (Lavandula mairei), and low minimal and bactericidal concentrations varying from 1.56 to 6.25 mg/mL (CMI) and from 1.56 to 12.5 mg/mL (CMB) for both essential oils. Four strains out of six, considered as the strongest biofilm producers by congo red agar and crystal violet methods, were chosen to evaluate biofilm inhibition and eradication effects of Lavandula mairei and Thymus leptobotrys essential oils. In most cases, these latter inhibited considerably the biofilm formation of the targeted strains with proportions greater than 80%. The eradication effect was lower, with rates not higher than 50%. Thus, these essential oils could be used as an effective alternative approach to prevent biofilm formation of multidrug resistant Enterobacteriaceae. To our knowledge, no previous works have reported the antibiofilm activity of Lavandula mairei and Thymus leptobotrys essential oils against these multidrug resistant bacteria.