Antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles functionalized with amikacin applied against multidrug-resistant acinetobacter baumannii

Abstract

BackgroundMultidrug-resistant bacteria are one of the world's biggest health problems; therefore, improving the spectrum of action of antibiotics could be necessary to reverse this situation. Amikacin and silver salts have well-known antimicrobial properties. However, both drugs lost their effectiveness against some bacteria, such as Acinetobacter baumannii. This work aims to develop a nanodrug from silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) functionalized with Amikacin against multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. MethodsAgNPs were produced using the bottom-up methodology and functionalized with Amikacin modified by the carbodiimide-based chemistry, forming AgNPs@Amikacin. Susceptibility tests were performed using Amikacin-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strains to assess the bacteriostatic and bactericidal potential of the developed nanodrug. The clinical strains were induced to form a biofilm, and biomass quantification and the metabolic activity were determined. ResultsThe AgNPs have a hydrodynamic diameter of the particles with a bimodal distribution, with a size of 37.84 nm. The FT-IR spectrum of AgNPs@Amikacin exhibits vibrational modes corresponding to Amikacin, confirming the conjugation to AgNPs. Susceptibility testing demonstrated a minimal inhibitory and bactericidal concentration of < 0.5 µg/mL. The AgNPs@Amikacin reduced the biofilm metabolic activity of Acinetobacter baumannii at rates ≥ 50%, characterized by the minimal biofilm inhibition concentrations. ConclusionsResults demonstrate a promising development of a new nanodrug with lower concentrations, less toxicity, and greater efficacy against multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii.