Antibacterial Activity of Rosmarinus officinalis, Zingiber officinale, Citrus aurantium bergamia, and Copaifera officinalis Alone and in Combination with Calcium Hydroxide against Enterococcus faecalis.

Thalita Vieira,Lúcio Roberto Castellano,Nayane Alves,Christianne Velozo,Silmara Silva,Panmella Maciel,Priscila Silva,Diana Albuquerque,Paulo Bonan

doi:10.1155/2019/8129439

Thalita Vieira, Lúcio Roberto Castellano + Show 7 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/8129439

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Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of different concentrations of essential oils combined with calcium hydroxide against Enterococcus faecalis. Thirteen experimental groups were formed: NC (negative control); PC (positive control); GC (growth control); SC (sterilization control); RO (Rosmarinus officinalis); ROH (calcium hydroxide + RO); ZO (Zingiber officinale); ZOH (calcium hydroxide + ZO); AB (Citrus aurantium bergamia); ABH (calcium hydroxide + AB); CO (Copaifera officinalis); COH (calcium hydroxide + CO); DWH (calcium hydroxide and distilled water). After reconstitution of the E. faecalis strain, microdilution testing was performed to define the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The data were tabulated in an Excel spreadsheet, and the MIC and MBC were calculated in accordance with the Bacteriological Analytical Handbook. MICs in the range of 0 to 100 mg/ml were only observed in the ROH group. The RO, ROH, AB, ZO, and ZOH presented absolute data for MBC. Bacterial growth was detected in the DWH group at all concentrations tested. The combination of the essential oils tested here with calcium hydroxide appears promising as an intracanal medication in endodontic treatment because of its effectiveness against Enterococcus faecalis. Essential oils are important in endodontic therapy since calcium hydroxide, the gold standard intracanal medication, is not effective against E. faecalis.

Highlights

Introduction e control ofEnterococcus faecalis is of paramount importance since this bacterium can cause bacteremia, endocarditis, intra-abdominal and pelvic infections, urinary tract infections, skin and skin structure infections, and, less frequently, central nervous system infections [1]
Bacterial growth was detected in the DWH group at all concentrations tested. e combination of the essential oils tested here with calcium hydroxide appears promising as an intracanal medication in endodontic treatment because of its effectiveness against Enterococcus faecalis
In light of the above considerations, the present study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of different concentrations of the diluted essential oils of Rosmarinus officinalis L., Zingiber officinale, Citrus aurantium bergamia, and Copaifera officinalis alone and combined with calcium hydroxide against Enterococcus faecalis

Summary

Research Article

Antibacterial Activity of Rosmarinus officinalis, Zingiber officinale, Citrus aurantium bergamia, and Copaifera officinalis Alone and in Combination with Calcium Hydroxide against Enterococcus faecalis. Several phytotherapeutic compounds have been studied in pure form or combined with calcium hydroxide in order to potentiate the effects of the latter, improving the prognosis of endodontic treatment [7,8,9,10,11] Plant extracts such as the essential oils of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), ginger (Zingiber officinale), bergamot (Citrus aurantium bergamia), and copaiba (Copaifera officinalis) have been shown to possess antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, analgesic, antioxidant, and healing properties [8, 12, 13]. In light of the above considerations, the present study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of different concentrations of the diluted essential oils of Rosmarinus officinalis L., Zingiber officinale, Citrus aurantium bergamia, and Copaifera officinalis alone and combined with calcium hydroxide against Enterococcus faecalis

Materials and Methods

Main components

Sterile distilled water Calcium hydroxide Sterile distilled water

Findings

MIC MBC