Abstract
Background In developing countries, the prevalence of bacterial infections is quite rampant due to several factors such as the HIV/AIDS pandemic, lack of hygiene, overcrowding, and resistance to conventional antimicrobials. Hence the use of plant-based antimicrobial agents could provide a low-cost alternative therapy. Rosmarinus officinalis is reputed as a medicinal plant in Ethiopia; however, its antibacterial activity against many of the clinical isolates remains overlooked. Methods Tender foliage of R. officinalis was collected and extracted in ethanol (EtOH) and evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against ten multidrug-resistant (MDR) clinical isolates, human type culture pathogens, and meat-borne bacterial isolates by employing agar well diffusion assay. Results EtOH extract of R. officinalis efficiently subdued the growth of all tested MDR clinical isolates in varying degrees. Salmonella sp. and Staphylococcus aureus were found to be the most sensitive clinical isolates. Likewise, it efficiently repressed the growth of meat-borne pathogens, particularly, S. aureus and Salmonella sp. showing its potentiality to be used as a natural antibacterial agent in the meat processing industry. The mechanism of antibiosis of plant extract against meat-borne pathogens is inferred to be bactericidal. Chemical constituents of the crude plant extract were analysed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS), Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), and UV-visible spectroscopy showing genkwanin (26%), camphor (13%), endo-borneol (13%), alpha-terpineol (12%), and hydroxyhydrocaffeic acid (13%) as the major compounds. Conclusion Overall results of the present study conclude that R. officinalis could be an excellent source of antimicrobial agents for the management of drug-resistant bacteria as well as meat-borne pathogens.
Highlights
Nowadays, MDR pathogens are becoming extremely common and inflict life-threatening infections in hospitals and at the community level
The EtOH extract of R. officinalis exhibited a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity against meat-borne pathogens, corresponding to an area of inhibition ranging from 209.6 ± 9.5 to 357.6 ± 7.5 mm2
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report dealing with the antibacterial activity of the extract of R. officinalis, against MDR clinical isolates and meat-borne pathogens. e mechanism of antibiosis of plant extract is inferred to be bactericidal
Summary
MDR pathogens are becoming extremely common and inflict life-threatening infections in hospitals (nosocomial) and at the community level. Infections caused by MDR pathogens increase healthcare costs, length of stay in hospitals, morbidity, and mortality in both developed and developing countries [3]. Tender foliage of R. officinalis was collected and extracted in ethanol (EtOH) and evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against ten multidrugresistant (MDR) clinical isolates, human type culture pathogens, and meat-borne bacterial isolates by employing agar well diffusion assay. EtOH extract of R. officinalis efficiently subdued the growth of all tested MDR clinical isolates in varying degrees. Staphylococcus aureus were found to be the most sensitive clinical isolates Likewise, it efficiently repressed the growth of meat-borne pathogens, S. aureus and Salmonella sp. Overall results of the present study conclude that R. officinalis could be an excellent source of antimicrobial agents for the management of drug-resistant bacteria as well as meat-borne pathogens
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