Antibacterial activity of Rhizophora apiculata extract originated from Inner Ambon Bay against selected pathogen bacteria

Abstract

Inner Ambon bay, Ambon Island, Maluku Province, is a good place for mangrove to growth. Some mangroves have been known as a source of germplasm that has antimicrobial properties. This research goals to study the antibacterial activity of various extract of Rhizophora apiculata from the coast of the Inner Ambon Bay, against several pathogenic bacteria. The experimental design was complete random design with two factors, firstly, the type of extract solvent was extract namely methanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane, and the second four strains of bacteria consist of Gram positive strains: Bacillus cereus and Gram negative strains: Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi Staphylococcus aureus.The highest antibacterial activity was resulted by ethyl acetate extracts with an average value of inhibition zone was 18.64±3.88b mm, then followed by methanol extract 15.02±5.17b mm and n-hexane extract 8.48±1.25a mm. The strongest extract against the bacterial pathogen was ethyl acetate extract. The most susceptible bacteria to the three extracts tested with an inhibition zone was (18.02±7.49b) mm, followed by B. cereus, E. coli and S. aureus with the inhibition zones were (13.48±4.50a) mm, (12.94±4.69a) mm and (11.74±3.90a) mm, respectively.