Abstract
The aim of the presented study was to examine in vitro the antibacterial activity of protocatechuic acid ethyl ester (ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate, EDHB) against Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates alone and in the combination with four selected antibiotics. The EDHB antimicrobial activity was tested against twenty S. aureus strains isolated from the clinical samples, and three reference strains. The phenotypes and genotypes of resistance to methicillin for the tested strains were defined as well as the phenotypic resistance to macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramin B (MLSB). EDHB displayed diverse activity against examined S. aureus strains with the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) within the range from 64 to 1024 µg/mL. Addition of ¼ MIC of EDHB into the Mueller-Hinton Agar (MHA) resulted in augmented antibacterial effect in the presence of clindamycin. In the case of cefoxitin no synergistic effect with EDHB was noted. For erythromycin and vancomycin the decrease of mean MICs in the presence of EDHB was observed but did not reach statistical significance. The results of the present study showed that in vitro EDHB possesses antibacterial activity against S. aureus clinical strains and triggers a synergistic antimicrobial effect with clindamycin and to the lesser extent with erythromycin and vancomycin.
Highlights
In the European Union nosocomial infections affect approximately 3 million people each year, and about 50,000 cases turn out to be fatal.Clinical environment modifies disease progression which results in the prolonged hospitalization and increases the cost of treatments from 30% up to even 100% [1,2,3,4,5,6].Staphylococci commonly colonize human body which makes them one of the major pathogens responsible for nosocomial infections [7]
The present study has demonstrated that EDHB possesses antibacterial activity against clinical
Our data showed that EDHB exerted antimicrobial activity towards clinical isolates of S. aureus and the observed effect is varied among the strains
Summary
In the European Union nosocomial infections affect approximately 3 million people each year, and about 50,000 cases turn out to be fatal (data of European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control).Clinical environment modifies disease progression which results in the prolonged hospitalization (for5–10 days) and increases the cost of treatments from 30% up to even 100% [1,2,3,4,5,6].Staphylococci commonly colonize human body which makes them one of the major pathogens responsible for nosocomial infections [7]. Clinical environment modifies disease progression which results in the prolonged hospitalization 5–10 days) and increases the cost of treatments from 30% up to even 100% [1,2,3,4,5,6]. Staphylococci commonly colonize human body which makes them one of the major pathogens responsible for nosocomial infections [7]. Colonization significantly increases the risk of infection because colonized area forms a stable bacterial reservoir from which pathogens may spread posing danger, to the immunocompromised patients [8]. Multi-drug resistant staphylococci are one of the major public health problems since the pathogens circulate in the environment [9]. Many errors in the implementation of anti-staphylococcal antibiotics and in the treatment strategies resulted in the selection and spread of drug resistant strains.
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