Antibacterial Activity of Gonad Methanol Extract of the Sea Urchin Diadema Setosum Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

Abstract

The discovery of antibacterial compounds from nature has been widely used as an effort to overcome the resistance of pathogenic bacteria. Sea urchin is a marine biota of phylum Echinoderms that has a potency as an antibacterial to the variety of pathogenic microbes. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of gonad extract on Diadema setosum against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus bacteria and Escherichia coli bacteria. The Gonad of Diadema setosum was extracted by maseration and rotary evaporator. Phytochemical screening tests were performed on alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenoids, steroids and phenolic compounds. The antibacterial activity test was performed by two different methods of agar diffusion method and microdilution broth method. The results of phytochemical screening tests showed that gonad methanol extract of the Diadema setosum contain flavonoid and saponin compounds. The result of the antibacterial activity test of the diffusion method showed that gonad methanol extract did not have antibacterial activity with no inhibition zone formed at all test concentrations. The result of antibacterial activity test of broth microdilution method showed that Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) value extract to MRSA and E. coli bacteria were 62,5 mg/ml, meanwhile Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) value was not found until even at the highest concentration.