Abstract
Infectious diseases caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli can be treated by milk banana peels (Musa × paradisiaca L.). This study aims to reveal the antibacterial activity of milk banana peel ethyl acetate extract against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, and to identify their active compounds. Extraction was conducted by maceration at room temperature, followed by partition. Separation was carried out by column chromatography with mobile phase of chloroform: ethyl acetate (7.5:2.5) and stationary phase of silica gel 60. Antibacterial assay was performed by well diffusion method and identification of active compounds was analyzed by UV-Vis spectrophotometry and LC-MS/MS. Extraction of the peel powder produced methanol extract, partition of the methanol extract resulted n-hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water fractions. Antibacterial activity assay shows that ethyl acetate extract was the most active to inhibit the growth of both bacteria. Separation with column chromatography resulted 5 fractions. Identification of the most active fraction with UV-Vis showed that the isolate gave maximum absorption at λ 339.00 nm (band I) and λ 262.00 nm (band II) which were thought to be flavonol (3-OH substituted). Analysis with LC-MS/MS shows that the most active fraction contained 3-methacrylate flavonols and 3-(furan- 2yl) acrylate flavonols.
Highlights
Bacteria are prokaryotic microorganisms that do not have a nuclear membrane but still have genetic information in the form of DNA
Infectious diseases caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli can be treated by milk banana peels (Musa × paradisiaca L.)
This study aims to reveal the antibacterial activity of milk banana peel ethyl acetate extract against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, and to identify their active compounds
Summary
The resistance occurs due to inappropriate use of antibiotics and obstacles in developing new antibiotics (Ventola 2015). Samanea saman leaf n-butanol and ethanol extracts show antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli (Rita et al 2016; Rita et al 2018). Samanea saman n-butanol extract shows antifungal activity towards Candida albicans (Silaen 2020). Essential oils of Acorus calamus L. rizhome strongly inhibited the growth of E. coli and S. aureus (Rita et al 2017a), and Candida albicans (Rita et al 2017b). Antimicrobial activity against E. coli, S. aureus, and C. albicans was shown by Acorus calamus L. rizhome ethanol extract (Susanah et al 2018) and that of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol extracts (Rita et al 2019). Wahyuni et al (2019) revealed that yellow kepok banana peel (Musa Paradisiaca L.) n-butanol extract strongly inhibited the growth of E. coli and S. aureus with Minimum Inhibitory Concentrationa (MIC) was 0.5% for S. aureus and 0.2% for E. coli
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