Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oil from Rosemytle Leaves (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Ait.) Hassk)

Salni Salni,Hanifa Marisa

doi:10.20884/1.jm.2020.15.3.601

Abstract

Rosemytle leaves (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Ait.) Hassk) have been used by society to treat various diseases related to bacterial infections, such as dysentery and typhoid fever caused by Shigella dysenteriae and Salmonella typhi, respectively. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of essential oils from rosemytle leaves against both bacterias. Extraction was performed with a macerating device using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol extracts, sequentially. This study used the agar diffusion method to test the antibacterial activity applied to the essential oils with concentrations of 1000, 500, 250, 125, 62.5, and 31.25 μg/mL. The antibacterial test results showed that n-hexane and ethyl acetate extracts were active against both bacterias while ethanol extract was not. Then, isolates N1 and E1 were produced respectively from n-hexane extract and ethyl acetate extract. The MIC values of both N1 and E1 for S. dysenteriae, and S. typhi were the same, namely 125 μg/mL. Isolate N1 was an essential oil containing menthol (59.60%), caryophyllene (25.77%), and cubenol (14.63%) while isolate E1 was an essential oil containing (73.93%), pentanone (8.30%), alpha calacorene (7.58%), and calacorene (3.78%). Rosemytle leaves have the potential to be developed as a drug to treat dysentery and typhoid fever.

Highlights

Nature provides raw materials for both traditional and modern medicines
A natural antibiotic or antibacterial compound that is derived from phloroglucinol (Dachriyanus et al, 2002), that is used for treating staphylococcal skin infections
The test results of antibacterial activity against bacterias causing dysentery and typhoid fever, namely S. dysenteriae and S. typhi, respectively, using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol extracts indicated that only n-hexane and ethyl acetate extracts were active against bacteria, while ethanol extract was not

Summary

INTRODUCTION

Nature provides raw materials for both traditional and modern medicines. The presence of various plants that support life has led researchers to discover their benefits to treat certain infectious diseases. A natural antibiotic or antibacterial compound that is derived from phloroglucinol (Dachriyanus et al, 2002), that is used for treating staphylococcal skin infections It has a strong in vitro activity against various grampositive and gram-negative bacterias. Isolation of Active Compounds As much as 100 grams of powdered rosemyrtle leaves were extracted using macerating tools with solvents, started with 1L n-hexane for 2x24 hours, ethyl acetate, and ethanol, respectively. Antibacterial activity test n-hexane extract, ethyl acetate extract, and ethanol extract from leaves of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa were tested for their ability to inhibit the growth of S. dysenteriae, and S. typhi bacteria. Antibacterial activity tests were carried out on paper discs using the agar diffusion method by placing 50 μL of bacterial suspension into 10 mL of each medium that had previously been diluted in a petri dish. The solvent used to dissolve isolates N1 and E1 was dimethylsulfoxide

AND DISCUSSION Isolation of Active Compounds

Findings

CONCLUSIONS