Abstract
Aims: To determine the antibacterial activity of CuO nanoparticles (CuO NPs) synthesized by Justicia adhatoda leaf extract.
 Study Design: Synthesis, characterization and antibacterial activity determination of CuO NPs.
 Place and Duration of Study: PG and Research Department of Chemistry, V.O.Chidambaram College, Tuticorin, Tamilnadu, India, between April 2019 and April 2020.
 Methodology: CuO NPs were synthesised using Justicia adhatoda leaf extract. UV-Visible spectroscopy was used to characterize CuO NPs. The role of biomolecules in plant extract in the formation of the CuO NPs was identified using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The particle size and lattice properties of CuO NPs were determined using XRD. The surface morphology of CuO NPs was studied using SEM. The presence of Cu and O in CuO NPs was confirmed using EDAX analysis. Bacterial antimicrobial activity was investigated.
 Results: An absorbance band at 285 nm in the UV–visible spectrum clearly revealed the formation of CuO NPs. In the FTIR, CuO NPs had a distinct absorption peak at 608 cm-1, confirming metal–oxygen stretching in Cu-O nanostructures. The presence of crystalline CuO NPs was confirmed by XRD patterns, and they were found to be spherical in shape with a size range of 23.21–37.57 nm, as evidenced by FESEM. The biosynthesized CuO NPs exhibited a strong antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Bacillus cereus bacteria.
 Conclusion: Justicia adhatoda leaf extract mediated CuO NPs have shown significant antibacterial activity and they are considered potent antibacterial agents.
Highlights
Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) have attracted a lot of attention due to their sensing, catalytic, electrical, conducting, optical, and antimicrobial properties
The dark brown colour of the solution indicates that the phenolics and other phytochemicals found in Justicia adhatoda leaf extract act as good reducing agents for the synthesis of CuO nanoparticles (CuO NPs)
The formation of CuO NPs is confirmed by a band at 285 nm in UV - Visible spectroscopy
Summary
Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) have attracted a lot of attention due to their sensing, catalytic, electrical, conducting, optical, and antimicrobial properties. CuO NPs have been synthesised using a variety of methods, including electrochemical reduction, sonochemical, precipitation, and microwave radiation. These methods, on the other hand, are limited to the synthesis of CuO NPs due to the use of hazardous chemicals and their high cost. CuO NPs made by chemical methods are limited in their applications in biological systems and pollute the environment by discharging toxic wastes [5]. The biological synthesis of NPs uses enzymes, microorganisms, and plants as environmentally friendly resources [6, 7]
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