Abstract
Literature presents inconsistent results on the antibacterial activity of dentine bonding systems (DBS). Antibacterial activity of adhesive systems depends on several factors, including composition and acidity. Flow cytometry is a novel detection method to measure multiple characteristics of a single cell: total cell number, structural (size, shape), and functional parameters (viability, cell cycle). The LIVE/DEAD® BacLight™ bacterial viability assay was used to evaluate an antibacterial activity of DBS by assessing physical membrane disruption of bacteria mediated by DBS. Ten commercial DBSs: four total-etching (TE), four self-etching (SE) and two selective enamel etching (SEE) were tested. Both total-etching DBS ExciTE F and OptiBond Solo Plus showed comparatively low antibacterial activity against E. faecalis. The lowest activity of all tested TE systems showed Te-Econom Bond. Among SE DBS, G-ænial Bond (92.24% dead cells) followed by Clearfil S3 Bond Plus (88.02%) and Panavia F 2.0 ED Primer II (86.67%) showed the highest antibacterial activity against E. faecalis, which was comparable to isopropranol (positive control). In the present study, self-etching DBS exhibited higher antimicrobial activity than tested total-etching adhesives against E. faecalis.
Highlights
Clinical success relies on the durable and resistant composite-tooth interface
Representative results of flow cytometry analysis for saline and commercial SE dental bonding system (G-ænial Bond) are shown on Figures 1 and 2. Both living and dead, are green stained by SYTO9 with varying intensity of fluorescence (Figure 1a)
Among cells gated as green labelled at the 1a histogram (SYTO9+), regardless of the green staining intensity, dead cells were gated as cells with bright intensity of the red staining (PI) (Figure 1b)
Summary
Clinical success relies on the durable and resistant composite-tooth interface. Dentine bonding systems (DBS) are applied to create hybrid layer, that is responsible for sealing dentine or/and enamel and composite. Most microbiological studies on antibacterial activity of DBS use agar diffusion test (ADT) [2,5,8,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35]. The kinetics of the outgrowth in each well is monitored at 600 nm at 37 ◦ C and recorded every 30 min using a temperature controlled microplate spectrophotometer [38] It provides a quantitative measure of antibacterial activity of the tested material that remains in direct and close contact with the microorganisms.
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