Antibacterial Activity of Carica Papaya (Leaf and Seed) Extracts on Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) from Wound

Abstract

The aim of the study was to determine the antibacterial activity and phytochemical constituents of Carica papaya leaf and seeds extracts against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Leaf and seed were collected and prepared using cold maceration technique. Phytochemicals screening were done. Three hundred of clinical wound samples were collected from Murtala Muhammad Specialist Hospital, Kano State. The isolation and identification of Staphylococcus aureus was done through culture on Nutrient agar and Mannitol salt agar, Gram staining, microscopic and standard biochemical tests such as (catalase, coagulase, oxidase and hemolysis test) were carried out. Cefoxitin disc diffusion test and molecular analysis was done for the detection of methicillin resistant strain of S. aureus. Evaluation of antibacterial activity of the extract against methicillin resistant strain was carried out. The phytochemical screening of leaf extract contains Saponin, Steroid, Terpenoid, Alkaloid, Flavonoid, Phenol and glycoside except Tannin and Anthraquinone in methanolic but in aqueous only anthraquinone and glycoside are not present, Seed also contains Saponin, Steroid, Terpenoid, Alkaloid and Phenol except Tannin, Flavonoid, Anthraquinone and Glycoside in both methanolic and aqueous extracts. A total of fifty six Staphylococcus aureus isolates were identified in the present study in which 8(14.3%) were MRSA and 48(85.7%) were negative MRSA. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis reveals the presence of mec A gene under 310base pairs nucleotide sequence in the positive MRSA. For the antibacterial activity leaf demonstrated antibacterial effects on 7 out of 8 tested MRSA isolates with higher activity and highest zone of inhibition of 19mm at 100mg/ml in methanolic extract. Seed evaluated antibacterial effects on 6 out 8 in methanolic extract with highest zone of inhibition of 15mm at 100mg/ml while no activity showed by aqueous extract. The calculated p value of leaf and seed is less than the table value (0.05) which is 0.00058 and 3.56E07 respectively. Based on statistical analysis there is significant.