Abstract
The production of small ruminants is an important economic activity of the brazilian Northeast, but some diseases have a high prevalence in this region, such as caseous lymphadenitis (CL), caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. The treatment of CL is often ineffective, which justifies the search of new active principles from plants, mainly of the region, to have an accessible treatment. For this reason, the present study was carried out to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial activity of Annona squamosa, Azadirachta indica, Allium sativum, Prosopis juliflora and Portulaca oleracea against C. pseudotuberculosis. Agar well diffusion assay (AWD) and broth microdilution - to determine minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and bactericidal concentration (MBC) - evaluated the antimicrobial activity. The highest antibacterial potential was obtained by ethanolic extracts of A. indica leaf (MIC 0,12 mg/mL for 2 strains), A. squamosa stalk (MIC 0,55 mg/mL for 3 strains) and shell (MIC 0,6 mg/mL for 3 strains). These extracts also presented the highest inhibition zone in AWD (30 mm, 38 mm and 32 mm, respectively). A. squamosa and A. indica have high antimicrobial potential against C. pseudotuberculosis.
Highlights
The production of small ruminants in the Brazilian Northeast is a very important socio-economic activity, and more than 92% of goats and 65% of sheep of Brazil are in this region (Magalhães, Martins, Holanda & Lucena, 2018)
The results of antimicrobial activity of plant extracts against different strains of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis are shown in Tables 2 and 3
The ethanolic fraction of A. squamosa seed has an effect against strain (MIC and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) mg/mL) and VD57 strain (MIC and MBC 11 mg/mL), the concentrations were high, besides that the DMSO fraction of this extract had no antibacterial effect (Table 2)
Summary
The production of small ruminants in the Brazilian Northeast is a very important socio-economic activity, and more than 92% of goats and 65% of sheep of Brazil are in this region (Magalhães, Martins, Holanda & Lucena, 2018). This production is based on the extensive system, which results in low sanitary and technological investment. This allows the presence of diseases in the herds, and the one with higher prevalence at Brazilian semiarid is caseous lymphadenitis (CL) (Alves, Santiago & Pinheiro, 2007). Due to the indiscriminate use of antibiotics, several bacteria have developed mechanisms of resistance to most of the antibiotics, so, it is necessary to find new active principles (Silva, Antunes & Catão, 2011)
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