Abstract
The continued emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria in recent years is of great concern. The search for new classes of antibacterial agents has expanded to non-traditional sources such as shellfish. An antibacterial subunit of hemoglobin (Hb-I) was purified from the mantle of Arca inflata by phosphate extraction and ion exchange chromatography. A novel antibacterial peptide, AI-hemocidin 2, derived from Hb-I, was discovered using bioinformatics analysis. It displayed antibacterial activity across a broad spectrum of microorganisms, including several Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 37.5 to 300 μg/mL, and it exhibited minimal hemolytic or cytotoxic activities. The antibacterial activity of AI-hemocidin 2 was thermostable (25–100 °C) and pH resistant (pH 3–10). The cellular integrity was determined by flow cytometry. AI-hemocidin 2 was capable of permeating the cellular membrane. Changes in the cell morphology were observed with a scanning electron microscope. Circular dichroism spectra suggested that AI-hemocidin 2 formed an α-helix structure in the membrane mimetic environment. The results indicated that the anti-bacterial mechanism for AI-hemocidin 2 occurred through disrupting the cell membrane. AI-hemocidin 2 might be a potential candidate for tackling antibiotic resistant bacteria.
Highlights
The emergence and rapid spread of bacterial infections caused by antibiotic resistant strains has led to a health crisis in recent years [1,2,3,4,5,6]
The results suggested that AI-hemocidin 2 was an antibacterial peptide with a broad antimicrobial spectrum
AI‐hemocidin increase of the Theway results our experiments suggested that AI-hemocidin increase 2thecould permeability the permeability of the cytoplasmic membrane pathogens, thereby exerting antibacterial activity
Summary
The emergence and rapid spread of bacterial infections caused by antibiotic resistant strains has led to a health crisis in recent years [1,2,3,4,5,6]. The threat of drug-resistant bacterial infections has been attributed to the abuse and misuse of antibiotics as well as a lack of development of new antibacterial agents [1,3,5,6]. A recent investigation demonstrated that premature deaths caused by antibiotic resistant bacteria will rise to 1,000,000 lives per year and cost the global economy. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are produced by hosts as part of the innate immune response and constitute the first line of defense against invading pathogenic microbes [8].
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