Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial potential of a calcium silicate-based sealer (Bio-C Sealer, Angelus) against common bacteria in primary and secondary endodontic infections. Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans were exposed to fresh Bio-C Sealer for 24 h by the agar diffusion method (n=5). Additionally, the antibacterial activity was investigated against E. faecalis and S. mutans biofilms (48 h old) grown in discs with 4 mm in diameter and 2 mm in height. (n=3) of set discs of Bio-C Sealer (Angelus), EndoFill (Dentsply-Mallefer), Sealer 26 (Dentsply), AH Plus (Dentsply), Sealapex (Sybron-Endo) and EndoSequence BC Sealer (Brasseler). The antibacterial activity was evaluated by colony forming unity (CFU) counting using ImageJ software. Data were compared by one-way ANOVA followed by Holm-Sidak test (a=5%). Fresh Bio-C Sealer exhibited antimicrobial activity against all bacteria evaluated by agar diffusion method, except for S. mutans. Set discs of all endodontic sealers tested showed similar CFU values for E. faecalis (p>0.05). S. mutans in biofilms showed higher susceptibility to EndoFill compared with the other sealers (p<0.05). In conclusion, the results indicate that fresh Bio-C Sealer does not inhibit S. mutans growth, but exhibits antibacterial activity against E. faecalis, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and E. coli. After setting, the Bio-C Sealer exhibits an antimicrobial potential comparable to that of the other sealers evaluated in E. faecalis biofilm, but lower than that of EndoFill for S. mutans biofilm.
Highlights
Studies comparing the composition and properties of endodontic sealers are relevant both to produce new materials with advantageous properties, as well as for the evaluation and improvement of those already produced today [1,2,3]
The complete elimination of these microorganisms is not always possible, even with a significant bacterial reduction promoted by NaOCl or CHX in association with mechanical instrumentation, bacteria may still be detected in root canals of teeth with apical periodontitis
The remaining bacteria may utilize necrotic tissue remnants in untouched root canal areas, and a additional nutrient source can be develop from tissue fluids and inflammatory exudates from the periradicular tissues as a consequence of an inappropriate apical seal [5]
Summary
Studies comparing the composition and properties of endodontic sealers are relevant both to produce new materials with advantageous properties, as well as for the evaluation and improvement of those already produced today [1,2,3]. Calcium silicate-based sealers exhibit excellent biocompatibility due to their compositions, which resemble biological hydroxyapatite [2]. Among the currently available calcium silicate-based sealer, Bio-C Sealer is a new ready-touse non-resinous sealer, which has been shown to favor the expression of osteoblastic markers and biomineralization when in contact with connective tissues in vivo [3,4]. The complete elimination of these microorganisms is not always possible, even with a significant bacterial reduction promoted by NaOCl or CHX in association with mechanical instrumentation, bacteria may still be detected in root canals of teeth with apical periodontitis. The remaining bacteria may utilize necrotic tissue remnants in untouched root canal areas, and a additional nutrient source can be develop from tissue fluids and inflammatory exudates from the periradicular tissues as a consequence of an inappropriate apical seal [5]. It is important that the filling materials used for root canal sealing have antimicrobial activity to prevent infection recurrence, adding better healing to the affected structures [6]
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