Abstract
A polymer-mineral composite was prepared by solvent casting a mixture of chitosan, poly(vinyl alcohol), and Ag+-exchanged tobermorite in dilute acetic acid and characterised by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The in vitro bioactivity of the CPTAg membrane was confirmed by the formation of hydroxyapatite on its surface in simulated body fluid. The alkaline dissolution products of the tobermorite lattice buffered the acidic breakdown products of the chitosan polymer and the presence of silver ions resulted in marked antimicrobial action against S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and E. coli. The in vitro cytocompatibility of the CPTAg membrane was confirmed using MG63 osteosarcoma cells. The findings of this preliminary study have indicated that chitosan-poly(vinyl alcohol)-Ag+-tobermorite composites may be suitable materials for guided tissue regeneration applications.
Highlights
Periodontitis is an infectious disease that destroys the tooth attachment apparatus
These data indicate no significant difference between cell viabilities after culturing MG63 cells for 24 hours in contact with the CPTAg membrane strips or the control (P = 0.05, n = 3). These results suggest that the composite CPTAg membrane does not exert toxicity over human osteoblastic cells
The antimicrobial properties, bioactivity, and biocompatibility of the resulting composite membrane were assessed with respect to its application as a guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membrane for periodontal pocket repair
Summary
Periodontitis is an infectious disease that destroys the tooth attachment apparatus. During the progression of the disease, the epithelial tissue detaches from the tooth, the periodontal ligament (PDL) disconnects, and the alveolar bone tissue is resorbed (as shown in Figure 1(a)) [1, 2]. Chitosan is the partially N-deacetylated derivative of chitin, a linear structural polysaccharide obtained on an industrial scale from the shells of crustaceans [6,7,8] It is abundant, readily renewable, biodegradable, bioactive, biocompatible, antibacterial, and nonantigenic. The structure of chitosan, a basic copolymer of glucosamine and N-acetylglucosamine, resembles that of glycosaminoglycans which are the principal components of bone extracellular matrix (ECM) [11, 13] In this respect, chitosan is a popular candidate material for in situ periodontal tissue engineering [1,2,3,4,5, 10]. In vitro bioactivity was evaluated by monitoring the formation of hydroxyapatite on the surface of the membrane during immersion in simulated body fluid and an indication of biocompatibility was obtained using MG63 human osteosarcoma cells
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