Antibacterial Activity Evaluation of Mouth Rinse containing Nigella sativa Extract Compared to Doxycycline 0,1% against Porphyromonas gingivalis and Agregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans

Abstract

Background: Periodontal disease is characterized by host-mediated inflammation caused by microbial biofilm, predominantly by gram-negative bacteria such as Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Nigella sativa is well-known as the "miracle herb" due to its high nutritional content and active components, the most important of which is Thymoquinone. It has been shown to have several advantages, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial effects. Purpose: To evaluate the antibacterial activity of Nigella sativa extract in the form of a mouth rinse to a low dosage of Doxycycline 0.1% against two of the most frequent bacteria in periodontitis, P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans. Materials and Methods: P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans bacteria sample are cultivated, then the treatment group for each bacterias was divided into 3 groups; the control group, the Doxycycline 0,1% group, and Nigella sativa mouth rinse 3% group. This experiment used the agar diffusion method and the diameter of the inhibitory zone for each treatment group was measured after 48hours of incubation time in anaerobic environment. Results: The data showed normal and homogeneous. The mean diameter of inhibition zone for Nigella sativa treatment group against P. gingivalis is 25,141mm, which is significantly higher than the Doxycyxline 0,1% group. The mean diameter of inhibition zone Nigella sativa treatment group against A. actinomycetemcomitans is 25,1mm, which is also significantly higher than the Doxycyxline 0,1% group. Conclusion: Nigella sativa mouth rinse 3% performs a better antibacterial result against A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis bacteria compared to Doxycycline 0,1%.