Abstract
This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity and TLC-bioautography profile of the active fractions of Muntingia calabura L. leaves against Staphylococcus aureus. Muntingia calabura L. leaves were macerated with ethanol 96% then fractionated with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol solvent, respectively. The antibacterial activity was tested by the Kirby-Bauer method to determine the most active fraction and the lowest concentration that inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. TLC-bioautography was tested using chloroform: ethyl acetate (2:8) as the mobile phase and silica gel F254 as the stationary phase. Antibacterial activity test of n-hexane and ethyl acetate fractions at a concentration of 10% w/v showed activities with inhibition zone diameter of 0.33±0.288 and 9.66±5.77 mm, respectively. At the same time, the methanol fraction showed no activity. The lowest concentration of ethyl acetate fraction which still showed the inhibition zone was 0.312% w/v. The TLC-bioautography profile showed active spots with an Rf value of 0.82 and had an inhibitory zone diameter of 4.013±0.864 mm. It can be concluded that the ethyl acetate fraction was the most active fraction that inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and had one active spot on the bioautography test.
Highlights
Staphylococcus aureus is a commensal bacteria in human skin and mucosae but this bacteria often causes serious infections with high morbidity and mortality (Sakr et al, 2018)
This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity and Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC)-Bioautographic profile of the active fractions of Muntingia calabura L. leaves against Staphylococcus aureus
Immersion of Muntingia calabura L. leaves in the solvent can make the compounds contained in cells soluble, and because of the differences in concentration between the solution of compounds inside and outside the cell, the compounds from high concentrations in the cell will diffuse out
Summary
Staphylococcus aureus is a commensal bacteria in human skin and mucosae but this bacteria often causes serious infections with high morbidity and mortality (Sakr et al, 2018). Staphylococcus aureus is a serious problem because of the increased resistance of these bacteria to various types of antibiotics (MultiDrug Resistance). Muntingia calabura L. leaves have been shown to have antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (Arum et al, 2012; Handoko et al, 2019). Arum et al (2012) reported that ethanol and methanol extracts of Muntingia calabura L. leaves have antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus. Research done by Manik et al (2014) showed that ethanol extract of Muntingia calabura L. leaves has antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus
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