Abstract
BackgroundSalmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is a foodborne pathogen that triggers inflammatory responses in the intestines of humans and livestock. Colla corii asini is a traditional medicine used to treat gynecologic and chronic diseases in Korea and China. However, the antibacterial activity of Colla corii asini has been unknown. In this study, we investigated the antibacterial activity and effects of Colla corii asini extract on Salmonella typhimurium invasion.MethodsTo tested for antibacterial effects of Colla corii asini extracts, we confirmed the agar diffusion using Luria solid broth medium. Also, we determined the MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) and the MBC (minimum bactericidal concentration) value of the Colla corii asini ethanol extract (CEE) by using two-fold serial dilution methods. We evaluated the expression of salmonella invasion proteins including SipA, SipB and SipC by using Western blot and qPCR at the concentration of CEE without inhibition of bacterial growth. In vitro and vivo, we determined the inhibitory effect of invasion of S. typhimurium on CEE by using gentamicin assay and S. typhimurium-infected mice.ResultsCEE significantly inhibited the growth of Salmonella typhimurium in an agar diffuse assay and had an MIC of 0.78 mg/ml and an MBC of 1.56 mg/ml. Additionally, CEE reduced Salmonella typhimurium cell invasion via the inhibition of Salmonella typhimurium invasion proteins, such as SipA, SipB and SipC. Furthermore, CEE significantly suppressed invasion in the small intestines (ilea) of mice injected with Salmonella typhimurium.ConclusionThese findings show that Colla corii asini exerts antibacterial activity and suppresses Salmonella typhimurium invasion in vitro and in vivo. Together, these findings demonstrate that Colla corii asini is a potentially useful therapeutic herbal medicine for treating salmonella-mediated diseases.
Highlights
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is a foodborne pathogen that triggers inflammatory responses in the intestines of humans and livestock
We investigated the antibacterial effects of Colla corii asini by using S. typhimurium in vitro and in vivo
We quantitatively evaluated the potency of the Colla corii asini ethanol extract by determining the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). a The growth curve of S. typhimurium with vechicle. b The growth curve of S. typhimurium with Colla corii asini ethanol extracts. c The growth curve of S. typhimurium with ampicillin
Summary
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is a foodborne pathogen that triggers inflammatory responses in the intestines of humans and livestock. Some pharmacological properties of Colla corii asini include sedation, anticoagulation, vasodilatation, hematopoiesis, as well as the improvement of cellular immunity and radio-protection [3, 4] Park et al BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2017) 17:520 cause of gastroenteritis in humans and animals around the world, and it occurs via bacterial gastrointestinal infections [9]. These bacterial infections are caused by oral intake of contaminated food or water or by fecal contamination [10, 11]. Salmonella pathogenicity islands 2 (SPI-2) are required for proliferation inside the host cells [15]
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