Antibacterial activities of green synthesized silver nanoparticles from Punica granatum peel extract

Abstract

Increasing various types of drug-resistant bacteria is one of the biggest public health challenges today. One alternative step is to use biological methods to obtain nanoparticles, which are environmentally friendly, economical, and synthesis. This research focuses on the use of biowaste products, namely Punica granatum (P. granatum) peel extract, to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and determine their characterization and effect on various oral pathogens. The AgNPs prepared using a green synthesis process with a solution of P. granatum peel extract for reducing silver nitrate (AgNO3). The characterization of the formation of silver nanoparticles from peel extract characterized by the UV-Vis spectrum and Particle Size Analyzer (PSA). Antibacterial assays performed after 24 hours by measuring the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Treatment for two types of Gram-negative bacteria, such as Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and two types of Gram-positive bacteria namely Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus. The results showed that the formation of a dark brown solution was the success of P. granatum skin extract producing AgNPs. The UV-Vis spectra surface of AgNPs showed strong resonance centered at 403-415 nm after reacting for 1 hour and 24 hours. Particle size distribution AgNPs using the PSA test showed the homogeneously results. MIC results showed high antibacterial activity on all oral pathogens tested. Increased concentrations of AgNPs show more significant results to reduce the number of bacteria. AgNPs are synthesizing with P. granatum peel extracts produced by the green synthesis method can be a new ingredient for antibacterial drugs against oral bacteria.