Abstract
Objective: Averrhoa bilimbi is a plant that is used as a food spice and traditional medicine in Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to obtain a gel formula and measure its activity in inhibiting the growth of skin bacteria, namely Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus aureus.
 Methods: The gel formulation was tested organoleptically, homogeneity, pH, dispersibility test, and skin irritation test. Antibacterial activity test using agar diffusion method, inhibition of bacterial growth was compared with clindamycin as a positive control.
 Results: All gel formulations showed good homogeneity, pH of the preparations ranged from 4.5 to 6.1, the dispersion test was 5.5-6.5 cm, and none of them caused irritation to the skin. The results of the inhibitory activity against the growth of Propionibacterium acnes bacteria on concentrations 10, 15, and 20% were 16.67 + 0.40, 22.70 + 0.32 and 28.10 + 0.36 and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria were 18.53 + 0.22, 24.16 + 0.29 and 30.40 + 0.4. The inhibitory activity of clindamycin against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria were 35.33+0.29 and 36.30+0.37.
 Conclusion: Ethyl acetate extract gel Averrhoa bilimbi had good activity in inhibiting the growth of Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria and has the potential to be used as an herbal anti-acne drug.
Highlights
Averrhoa bilimbi is known in Indonesia as Belimbing Wuluh or Asam Sunti, a plant that is often used for cooking spices and traditional medicine [1]
Other research conducted by Ikhsanudin (2017) proved the gel preparation from the ethanol extract of Averrhoa bilimbi fruit could inhibit the growth of Propionibacterium acnes bacteria [8]
Organoleptic test results of Averrhoa bilimbi L. fruit ethyl acetate extract gel are: the resulting gel had a semi-solid form, brown to blackish-brown in color and the resulting odor was the distinctive aroma of the extract from each preparation
Summary
Averrhoa bilimbi is known in Indonesia as Belimbing Wuluh or Asam Sunti, a plant that is often used for cooking spices and traditional medicine [1]. Averrhoa bilimbi is an important medicinal tree in the tropical and subtropical regions, especially in Asia and has been used to treat different medical conditions. Averrhoa bilimbi contains flavonoids luteolin and apigenin which are useful as antibacterial agents and can be used as acne medicine [5]. It is known that the total flavonoid content in Averrhoa bilimbi is 1.67+0.87 mg/g QE and total phenolic 38.78+0.94 mg/g GAE and its ability in scavenging DPPH free radicals is 635.06+8.41 ug/ml (6). It is known that the ethyl acetate extract of Averrhoa bilimbi actives inhibits the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphyococcus aureus bacteria [7]. Other research conducted by Ikhsanudin (2017) proved the gel preparation from the ethanol extract of Averrhoa bilimbi fruit could inhibit the growth of Propionibacterium acnes bacteria [8]
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