ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES OF ANREDERA CORDIFOLIA (TEN.) V. STEENIS LEAVES EXTRACTS AND FRACTIONS

Abstract

Objective: This study aims to determine antibacterial activity of Anredera cordifolia leaves extracts and fractions.Methods: Crude drug was extracted using two methods. First method was extraction by reflux using ethanol 96% and then fractionated by liquid-liquid extraction using n-hexane and ethyl acetate. Second method was gradually extraction by reflux using n-hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol 96%, respectively. Phytochemical screening was applied to all extracts and fractions, followed by thin-layer chromatography using ursolic acid, oleanolic acid (OA), apigetrin, and rutin as reference substances. A two-fold serial microdilution method was used to determine minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), methicillin-susceptible S. aureus, methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA), Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), Bacillus cereus (ATCC 11778), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 9027), Escherichia coli (ATCC 8939), E. coli H7 (O156), and ESBL E. coli. Bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities were determined using minimum bactericidal concentration/MIC ratio.Results: The ethanolic extract, n-hexane and ethyl acetate fractions of A. cordifolia from the first method had antibacterial activity against S. aureus, MRSA, B. subtilis, and B. cereus (MIC 256-512 μg/ml). However, n-hexane and ethyl acetate extract from the second method had broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, which could inhibit the growth of S. aureus, MRSA, B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa, and E. coli (MIC 256-512 μg/ml). Extracts and fractions showed bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities, but n-hexane extract has most bactericidal activity. Furthermore, steroid/triterpenoid, ursolic, and OA were found in this extract.Conclusion: The n-hexane extract from the second method showed the highest antibacterial activity.