Antibacterial Activities and Quantitative Phytochemical Screening of the Hexane and Ethanolic Oil Extracts of Syzygium aromaticum Against ESBL Producing Bacteria Isolates

Abstract

The study was designed to determine antibacterial potentials of Syzygium aromaticum and phytochemical screening of the hexane and ethanolic oil extracts of Syzygium aromaticum (clove oil) against some multi-drug resistant bacteria (Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella boydii and Klebsiella oxytoca) isolated from urine and stool samples was carried out using standard methods. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, tannins, phenol, flavonoids and sterols in both oil extracts. Similarly, the percentage yield of ethanol oil extract was 34.4 with characteristic pale-brown colour and hexane percentage yield was 16.4 with characteristic pale-brown colour. The bioassay studies showed that the ethanolic oil extract exhibited an activity against Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella boydii and Klebsiella oxytoca with the zone of inhibition which ranged between (10mm - 24.33mm, 9mm - 20mm, 2.33mm - 19mm, 8.33mm – 21.67mm and 8.67mm - 20.33mm) respectively for each bacterium at a concentration percent /disc... On the other hand, the hexane oil extract were found to be more active against the isolates with the following zone of inhibition which ranged between (10.27mm - 22.60mm, 13.53mm - 27.50mm, 9.34mm - 21mm, 9.10mm - 20,33mm and 4.23mm - 21.57mm) for Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella boydii and Klebsiella oxytoca respectively. The results of the study prove that the ethanolic and hexane oil extracts of Syzygium aromaticum have antibacterial potentials against the tested clinical bacterial isolates, thus confirming the use of the plant for medicinal purposes.