Anti-angiogenesis efficacy of the aqueous extract of Allium sativum and its combination with melatonin in an animal model: in vivo and ex vivo studies

Abstract

To better understand Allium sativum’s anti-angiogenesis activity, we undertook this study to examine its effect on the ex vivo rat aortic ring and the in vivo chick chorioallantoic membrane. Additionally, we compare Allium sativum’s anti-angiogenesis activity to melatonin and study the benefits of their combination. The study included six albino male rats (aged 5–7 weeks). The rats were euthanized, and then the thoracic aorta was removed and cut into rings that were 1 mm thick. The study was divided into three groups: a negative control (1% v/v DMSO), a positive control (100 μg/mL melatonin), and an aqueous Allium sativum extract. The test compounds were subjected to serial dilutions to obtain 100, 50, 25, 12.25, and 6.25 μg/mL concentrations. In addition, the in vivo chick chorioallantoic membrane was also undertaken. Allium sativum and melatonin significantly inhibited the rat aorta ring; the IC50 was calculated (IC50 = 8.04 for Allium sativum and 3.313 for melatonin). The zone of inhibition for melatonin, Allium sativum, and the combination showed that the combination had the strongest effect on the CAM assay. This zone scored (++) and (+++), respectively. In conclusion, the aqueous extract of Allium sativum provides a potent anti-angiogenesis effect, and its combination with melatonin had a synergistic effect, further enhancing its anti-angiogenesis effect.