Abstract
Aging is a biological process that occurs under normal conditions and in several chronic degenerative diseases. Bioactive natural peptides have been shown to improve the effects of aging in cell and animal models and in clinical trials. However, few reports delve into the enormous diversity of peptides from marine organisms. This review provides recent information on the antiaging potential of bioactive peptides from underused marine resources, including examples that scavenge free radicals in vitro, inhibit cell apoptosis, prolong the lifespan of fruit flies and Caenorhabditis elegans, suppress aging in mice, and exert protective roles in aging humans. The underlying molecular mechanisms involved, such as upregulation of oxidase activity, inhibition of cell apoptosis and MMP-1 expression, restoring mitochondrial function, and regulating intestinal homeostasis, are also summarized. This work will help highlight the antiaging potential of peptides from underused marine organisms which could be used as antiaging foods and cosmetic ingredients in the near future.
Highlights
In recent history, human life expectancy has continuously risen, and the proportion of the elderly population has sharply increased with the improvement of medical technology
Transcription of antioxidation-related genes, such as Keap1, Maf, CAT, glutathione S-transferases (GST), and Mn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) are restored to normal levels, while the transcription of Nrf2, Cu-SOD, and GSH-Px increases to significantly higher levels than those in the model group, with stronger effects observed for the Leu-Cys-Gly-Glu-Cys peptide
This study showed that, in the human body, the role of a single antioxidant peptide on gut microbiota is difficult to disentangle from diet-wide effects, and that many factors must be considered during experiment design [68]
Summary
Human life expectancy has continuously risen, and the proportion of the elderly population has sharply increased with the improvement of medical technology. Active peptides with anticancer, anticoagulant, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cholesterol-lowering properties have been reported in the biomedicine and pharmaceutical biotechnology literature [7]. Some of these compounds exhibit notable antiaging activity in vitro or in vivo. Some marine bioactive peptides regulate free radical homeostasis in vitro and in vivo, and can have antiaging effects in cell and animal models and in human clinical trials [13,14,15,16]. We comprehensively reviewed recent studies on antiaging activities of peptides from marine organisms, including their beneficial effects on the regulation of oxidative stress in vitro or in cells, fruit flies, nematodes, mice, and humans. We aim to highlight useful information for furthering the use of marine sources for bioactive compounds
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