Antiadhesive Properties of Imidazolium Ionic Liquids Based on (-)-Menthol Against Candida spp.

Jakub Suchodolski,Joanna Feder-Kubis,Anna Krasowska

doi:10.3390/ijms22147543

Abstract

Infections with Candida spp. are commonly found in long-time denture wearers, and when under immunosuppression can lead to stomatitis. Imidazolium ionic liquids with an alkyl or alkyloxymethyl chain and a natural (1R,2S,5R)-(−)-menthol substituent possess high antifungal and antiadhesive properties towards C. albicans, C. parapsilosis, C. glabrata and C. krusei. We tested three compounds and found they disturbed fungal plasma membranes, with no significant hemolytic properties. In the smallest hemolytic concentrations, all compounds inhibited C. albicans biofilm formation on acrylic, and partially on porcelain and alloy dentures. Biofilm eradication may result from hyphae inhibition (for alkyl derivatives) or cell wall lysis and reduction of adhesins level (for alkyloxymethyl derivative). Thus, we propose the compounds presented herein as potential anti-fungal denture cleaners or denture fixatives, especially due to their low toxicity towards mammalian erythrocytes after short-term exposure.

Highlights

Fungi of the Candida spp. form microbial communities on human skin, and in the oral and genitourinary niches, with the posterior tongue and oral mucosa being the primary residence [1]
Chronic oral stomatitis associated with Candida spp. is common among patients with HIV, cancer or type 2 diabetes mellitus [4,5,6,7,8,9], 50–70% of healthy denture wearers suffer from Candida-associated denture stomatitis (CADS) [4,10,11]
The tested Ionic liquids (ILs) visually eradicated C. albicans biofilm formed on dentures made from different materials, partially in case of 1a and

Summary

Introduction

Fungi of the Candida spp. form microbial communities on human skin, and in the oral and genitourinary niches, with the posterior tongue and oral mucosa being the primary residence [1]. Within these niches, the commensal existence of Candida spp. varies by up to 75% in a healthy human population [2]. Chronic oral stomatitis associated with Candida spp. is common among patients with HIV, cancer or type 2 diabetes mellitus [4,5,6,7,8,9], 50–70% of healthy denture wearers suffer from Candida-associated denture stomatitis (CADS) [4,10,11]. A biofilm grows progressively over the denture surface, leading to inflammation of the denture-exposed palatal mucosa and severe pain [11]

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