Abstract
Anti-solvent sonocrystallisation of lactose The present work deals with ultrasound assisted crystallisation of lactose from lactose solution. The crystallisation of lactose was completed rapidly by applying the ultrasound waves in the presence of an anti-solvent (n-propanol), at the room temperature (30±3°C). The yield of lactose was found to be more than 85% (w/w) in 4 minutes of sonication. The spread of the crystal size distribution was found to decrease with increase in sonication time.
Highlights
Whey is a by-product of dairy industry and its disposal to sewage without treatment causes serious pollution problems
In the present work, we studied the effect of sonocrystallisation parameters on lactose yield with n-propanol as an anti-solvent
A 20 mL of sample was taken in a 250 mL round bottom flask and it was immersed in an ultrasonic bath filled with water and temperature was kept at 30±3°C for each of the experiments during sonocrystallisation
Summary
Whey is a by-product of dairy industry and its disposal to sewage without treatment causes serious pollution problems. Attempts have been made to develop an anti-solvent crystallisation process with the help of ultrasound waves for lactose recovery and it was found that more than 80 % (w/w) of lactose crystals could be recovered in 2 to 4 minutes of sonication time (Bund and Pandit, 2007a,b; Patel and Murthy, 2009). In previous studies (Bund and Pandit, 2007a; Patel and Murthy, 2009), lactose yield in anti-solvent sonocrystallisation with ethanol and acetone was found to be dependent on the solubility of lactose (locally) in the solvents It is reported (Fernando et al, 2007) that the solubility of lactose increases with temperature and decreases with the carbon chain length of alcohol. The pH of the sample was varied by adding 0.1 N HCl and sonication was applied for 4 minutes in 16% (w/v) lactose solution with 85% (v/v) n-propanol concentration
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