Abstract
Background: COVID-19 vaccines induce a differentiated humoral and cellular response, and one of the comparable parameters of the vaccine response is the determination of IgG antibodies. Materials and Methods: Concentrations of IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were analyzed at three time points (at the beginning of May, at the end of June and at the end of September). Serum samples were obtained from 954 employees of the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń (a total of three samples each were obtained from 511 vaccinated participants). IgG antibody concentrations were determined by enzyme immunoassay. The statistical analysis included comparisons between vaccines, between convalescents and COVID-19 non-patients, between individual measurements and included the gender, age and blood groups of participants. Results: There were significant differences in antibody levels between mRNA and vector vaccines. People vaccinated with mRNA-1273 achieved the highest levels of antibodies, regardless of the time since full vaccination. People vaccinated with ChAdOx1 nCoV-2019 produced several times lower antibody levels compared to the mRNA vaccines, while the antibody levels were more stable. In the case of each of the vaccines, the factor having the strongest impact on the level and stability of the IgG antibody titers was previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. There were no significant correlations with age, gender and blood type. Summary: mRNA vaccines induce a stronger humoral response of the immune system with the fastest loss of antibodies over time.
Highlights
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by β-coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, surfaced in December of 2019 and has since become a global pandemic
The participants of the study were injected with four vaccines approved in Poland, with the most numerous group consisting of people vaccinated with Pfizer/BioNTech (58.9%) or Oxford/AstraZeneca (23.2%)
We investigated the dependency of the time elapsed after vaccination or COVID-19 infection and of the vaccine type, since we observed that the subjects reported antibody measurements in various stages of developing immunity
Summary
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by β-coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, surfaced in December of 2019 and has since become a global pandemic. Vaccines are the most promising tool for solving this global problem [1]. In Poland, vaccination against the coronavirus began on 27 December 2020, as in other. As of 12 December 2021, the total number of vaccine doses administered in Poland since the beginning of the coronavirus pandemic is over 44 million. The number of people who received both doses or who are vaccinated with a single-dose Johnson & Johnson vaccine is almost 21 million. The percentage of people vaccinated with at least one dose of the coronavirus vaccine in Poland is 55.62%, and those who are fully vaccinated constitute 54.10% of the entire population [2]. COVID-19 vaccines induce a differentiated humoral and cellular response, and one of the comparable parameters of the vaccine response is the determination of IgG antibodies
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