Anti-protozoal efficacy of high performance liquid chromatography fractions of Torilis japonica and Sophora flavescens extracts on Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii

Abstract

We previously reported that alcoholic extracts of Sophora flavescens and Torilis japonica from South Korea demonstrated good efficacy in reducing replication of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum. To characterize the chemical component associated with anti-protozoal activity, specific fractions were isolated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and used for in vitro testing. These fractions were evaluated in vitro against T. gondii and N. caninum. Fractions of the herb extracts were serially diluted to final concentrations of 2.850 to 0.356 ng/ml in medium and added to wells containing replicating T. gondii and N. caninum. To determine the ability of each fraction to inhibit parasite proliferation, 3H-uracil incorporation was used to determine parasite replication. In cultures infected with T. gondii, a fraction of T. japonica (TJ2) inhibited T. gondii proliferation by 99.2, 94.4, 88.6 and 27.0% in the range from 2.850 to 0.356 ng/ml. Four fractions of S. flavescens (SF1–SF4) inhibited T. gondii proliferation by 99.6–60.6, 96.9–48.1, 92.3–68.2 and 95.4–52.9% in the range from 2.850 to 0.356 ng/ml. In cultures infected with N. caninum, a fraction of T. japonica (TJ2) inhibited N. caninum proliferation by 98.3, 95.5, 79.7 and 30.6% in the range from 2.850 to 0.356 ng/ml. Four fractions of S. flavescens (SF1–SF4) inhibited N. caninum proliferation by 97.1–25.9, 94.8–35.5, 95.9–33.7 and 95.4–49.4% in the range from 2.850 to 0.356 ng/ml. These fractions of T. japonica and S. flavescens extracts are currently undergoing in vivo evaluation in experimentally infected mice.