Abstract
Proteus mirabilis is a significant cause of urinary tract infection that may contribute to struvite stones. Anti-infection of this bacterium and anti-struvite formation must be considered. Sida acuta Burm. F. (SA) has been used for the treatment of diseases related to kidneys. Therefore, we investigated the effects of the SA leaf ethanolic extract (SAEE) on growth and on virulent factors (swarming motility and urease activity) of Proteus mirabilis isolated from kidney stone formers. We also evaluated anti-struvite crystal formation and phytochemical constituents of SAEE. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of SAEE against three clinical P. mirabilis isolates were 8 mg/mL. Intriguingly, the 1/2MIC of SAEE had significant inhibitory effects on the swarming motility and urease activity of clinical P. mirabilis isolates when compared with the condition without SAEE. The SAEE at the various concentrations significantly inhibited the average weights of struvite crystals in a dose-dependent manner, compared with the control. The phytochemical analysis revealed that SAEE contained catechin, chlorogenic acid, rutin, and ferulic acid. This study indicated that SAEE has anti-P. mirabilis and anti-struvite crystal activities via its bioactive compounds. For this reason, SAEE may be developed as a new agent for the treatment of struvite stone induced by P. mirabilis.
Highlights
Kidney stone disease (KSD) is an important urological problem worldwide, especially in the northeastern region of Thailand [1,2]
At 1/2MIC of SA leaf ethanolic extract (SAEE), there were significant inhibitory effects on the swarming motility of all P. mirabilis isolates when compared with the condition without SAEE (p-value < 0.05) (Figure 1 and Table 1)
P. mirabilis is a cause of serious urinary tract infections (UTIs) and struvite stones that are associated with its swarming motility and urease activity [3,4,12]
Summary
Kidney stone disease (KSD) is an important urological problem worldwide, especially in the northeastern region of Thailand [1,2]. It is known that struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP) stone is related to urinary tract infections [3]. The elevation of NH4+ concentrations, resulting from the urease activity of bacteria (e.g., Proteus mirabilis), causes urinary pH to increase. NH4+ binding with available cations in the urine leads to struvite crystal formation. Struvite crystals can grow rapidly in the urinary tract system. The large size of struvite stone can cause severe injury in the kidneys. Our previous report [4] showed that P. mirabilis isolated from kidney stone patients could induce the formation of struvite crystals in artificial urine. P. mirabilis is the most common urease-producing bacteria, frequently resistant to antimicrobial drugs, isolated from stone matrices of kidney stone
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
