Abstract
The potential of natural products in cancer prevention and treatment has received worldwide interest in recent years from the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industry point of view. Medicinal plants have been traditionally used as they exhibit a wide range of therapeutic effects due to their phytoconstituents which play an active role against oxidative stress-associated diseases such as cancer. They may block or suppress multistage carcinogenesis mainly through mechanistic regulation of the myriad of deregulated cellular pathways. Bioactive constituents isolated from different plants have been shown to induce reversal of drug resistance, restoration of apoptosis, inhibition of cell proliferation and stimulation of the immune system, etc. These phytochemicals such as terpenoids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, carotenoids, alkaloids, tannins, anthraquinones, and saponins can be present in any of the plant parts like root, stem, leaves, bark, seed, flower, and fruit which produce a definite physiological response in the organism. Turkish flora is a rich reservoir of wide-ranging bioactive chemicals having premium pharmacological importance. This review provides an overview of the anticancer properties of various Turkish medicinal plant species against different type of cancers via anti-proliferative, genotoxic and cytotoxic effects.
Highlights
Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide
This review provides an overview of the anticancer properties of various Turkish medicinal plant species against different type of cancers via anti-proliferative, genotoxic and cytotoxic effects
Both endemic and non-endemic Turkish medicinal plants belonging to a variety of plant families and their phytochemicals responsible for anticancer effects on various cell lines and animal models were highlighted in this review
Summary
Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. According to the report of the International Agency for Research on Cancer of the World Health Organization in 2014, the most prevalent cancer was lung cancer in 2012 followed by breast cancer, colon cancer, and prostate cancer [1]. The dominant families that were subjected in cancer studies are Lamiaceae, Liliaceae, Rosaceae, Asteraceae, Scrophulariaceae, Rubiaceae, Moraceae, Hypericaceae, and Ericaceae Both endemic and non-endemic Turkish medicinal plants belonging to a variety of plant families and their phytochemicals responsible for anticancer effects on various cell lines and animal models were highlighted in this review. The essential oils from Turkish O. onites containing linalool as the most abundant component have been reported to possess higher membrane-protective effects than thymol and carvacrol [62] Another Lamiaceae genus containing thymol and carvacrol is Thymus L. is represented by 38 species and 64 taxa, 24 of which are endemic in Turkey and the East Aegean Islands [63]. Colchicum L. (Liliaceae) is represented by 35 species, of which 14 are endemic and known as
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