Anti-polar state in BiFeO3/NdFeO3 superlattices

Abstract

Antiferroelectrics are promising materials for high energy density capacitors, and the search for environmentally friendly and efficient systems is actively pursued. An elegant strategy to create and design new (anti)ferroic system relies on the use of nanoscale superlattices. We report here the use of such a strategy and the fabrication of nanoscale BiFeO3/NdFeO3 superlattices and in depth characterization using high-resolution x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The structural analysis at the atomic scale demonstrates that such superlattices host anti-polar ordering most likely described by an antiferroelectric-like Pbnm symmetry. Temperature dependence of the anti-polar state and structural transition further hint that the stability of the anti-polar state is controlled by the BiFeO3 layer thickness within the stacking and, in a more moderate way, by interlayer strain. Discovery of such a polar arrangement in superlattices and the possible generalization to the whole rare-earth family pave the way to new platforms for energy storage applications as well as nano-electronic devices.