Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation stimulates the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and inflammatory cytokines. These signaling pathways participate in the degradation of the extracellular matrix and induce inflammatory responses that lead to photoaging. This study evaluated the antioxidant activity and the effect on MMPs and procollagen of putgyul extract in vitro. The anti-photoaging activity of putgyul extracts was estimated in vivo using hairless mice (HR-1). The putgyul extracts reduced MMP-1 production and increased the content of procollagen type I carboxy-terminal peptide in human dermal fibroblasts. Ultravilot-B (UVB)-induced expression of inflammatory cytokines and MMPs was detected in mice, and putgyul extracts suppressed the expression. These results suggest that putgyul extract inhibits photoaging by inhibiting the expression of MMPs that degrade collagen and inhibiting cytokines that induce inflammatory responses. The mouse model also demonstrated that oral administration of putgyul extracts decreased wrinkle depth, epidermal thickness, collagen degradation, and trans-epidermal water loss, and increased β-glucosidase activity on UVB exposed skin. Putgyul extract protects against UVB-induced damage of skin and could be valuable in the prevention of photoaging.
Highlights
The skin is the largest organ of the human body
This study investigated the anti-photoaging effects of putgyul extracts on human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) and UVB-induced damage of the skin of a hairless mouse model
The effects of putgyul extracts on intracellular collagen and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)-1 were determined at extract concentrations that did not affect cell viability (Figure 1A)
Summary
The skin is the largest organ of the human body. It comprises various layers, including the epidermis and dermis. These layers form a protective barrier from environmental stresses, such as heat, infection, oxidative activity, and water loss [1,2,3]. UV light can be classified according to wavelength as ultraviolet-C (UVC) (200–280 nm), ultraviolet-B (UVB) (280–320 nm), and ultraviolet-A (UVA) (320–400 nm). While UVC emitted by the sun does not pass through the ozone (O3) layers of the Earth’s atmosphere, UVA and UVB can penetrate through the atmosphere to the surface of the earth [5,6]. Photodamaged skin is characterized by the development of brown spots, irregular pigmentation, reduced elasticity, drying, and formation of wrinkles [7,8,9]
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