Abstract
Pepper (Piper nigrum) is one of the most common spices found in almost every food. Current knowledge informed that pepper regulates physiological activity in obesity. However, the exact mechanism is still poorly understood. This study determined the potential of piperine and piperidine as major compounds in pepper as GHSR-Ghrelin inhibitors due to over-activity of Ghrelin as appetite hormone in obesity. Molecular docking was performed to simulate the binding pattern of piperine and piperidine as GHSR-Ghrelin antagonist. The result showed that piperidine has a lower potential as GHSR-Ghrelin antagonist than piperine based on binding energy calculation and amino acid interaction. Further, piperine binding to GHSR could shift the Ghrelin binding site to the GHSR. In conclusion, piperine may act as an inhibitor of GHSR-Ghrelin interaction to prevent appetite behavior resulting in bodyweight loss in obesity.
Highlights
Obesity included in a serious health concern worldwide. with the number of prevalence was increasing year by year, obesity becomes one of dangerous health risk among modern civilizations
Since obesity is included as a metabolic disease, controlling food consumption has a significant role in regulating obesity status and development [6]
This study aimed to investigate possible mechanism of piperine and piperidine as Ghrelin inhibitor to suppress the development of obesity
Summary
Obesity included in a serious health concern worldwide. with the number of prevalence was increasing year by year, obesity becomes one of dangerous health risk among modern civilizations. With the number of prevalence was increasing year by year, obesity becomes one of dangerous health risk among modern civilizations. Obesity have bigger risk to develop another health problem, related to cardiovascular diseases (CVD) [1]. People with high annual income are more susceptible to obesity, suggesting a socio-economic status played a role in developing this metabolic disease [4, 5]. Since obesity is included as a metabolic disease, controlling food consumption has a significant role in regulating obesity status and development [6]. Ghrelin is overproduction in obese conditions compared to the normal [10], suggesting a physiological target to decrease the obesity prevalence among civilizations [8, 11]. This study focused in Ghrelin as a target to prevent the obesity progression
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